Plain pelvic radiographs are commonly used for a variety of pediatric orthopedic disorders. Lead shielding is typically placed over the gonads to minimize radiation exposure to these sensitive tissues. However, misplaced shielding can sabotage efforts to protect patients from excessive radiation exposure either by not covering radiosensitive tissues or by obscuring anatomic areas of interest, p...

K. T. Faber Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208 There is experimental evidence that stress-induced microcracking near a macrocrack tip enhances thefraclUre toughness of brittle materials. In considering the interaction of the macrocrack with multiple microcracks using a discrete model, it is essential to use approximation methods in order ...

Background: It has recently been shown that the particle size of materials used for radiation shielding can affect the magnitude of radiation attenuation. Over the past years, application of nano-structured materials in radiation shielding has attracted attention world-wide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the shielding properties of the lead-free shields containing micro and nano-...

Current standard test methods for the evaluation of the performance of modern ESDprotective clothing used in electronics industry do not measure correctly the effectiveness of the clothing to protect sensitive electronics from electrostatic phenomena. Therefore a new European research project – ESTAT-Garments – was started in early 2002. The main objective of this three-years project (2002-2005...

When considering the space limit of high energy LINAC facility in a hospital, the design of shielding wall is strongly required to optimize the wall thickness. Shielding wall usually consists of concrete, and iron plate is sometimes added in concrete to decrease the wall thickness. We investigated the optimum design of the shielding wall in medical LINAC facility by simulation. The calculations...

Thermal discomfort is one the major challenges during work in hot and/or humid environments like mines, foundries and arid/desert regions. Heat and moisture management is the key to prevent the workers from heat stress. Personnel protective garments alone are not sufficient to provide thermal neutrality. Auxiliary cooling garments are required to aid the process of human body cooling. This revi...

BACKGROUND Gonad shielding has been extensively advocated during pelvic radiography at or below reproductive ages. The popular practice of gonad shielding is placement of a lead shield in the midline of the pelvis. The aim of this study was to address the prevalence of gonad shielding and find out whether the current practice of gonad shielding can be considered as an effective method to reduce...

conclusions comprehensive protection programs with on-the-job training courses for staff members are strongly recommended, as well as, the provision of radiological shields and gonad shielding protocols in radiology departments to reduce the patient’s radiation dose during radiological examinations. materials and methods a retrospective, observational cross-sectional study on the application of...

Animating in real-time complex and realistic virtual garments on top of an animated character is a long-standing challenge in the computer graphics field. Animated garments are subject to large dynamic deformations, exhibiting complex wrinkling patterns related to their length preserving behavior and multiple, long-lasting contacts with the underlying body. One of the most complex cloth animati...

Abstract To overcome the severe toxicity and blind absorption zone of conventional lead-based shielding materials for X-rays in 70–90 keV range, lead-free multilayered polymer composites were designed fabricated. The effects direction incidence number layers as well layer thickness ratio (tungsten/ethylene-octene copolymer)/(bismuth/ethylene-octene copolymer) layered on their efficiency studied...