Routing is an important challenge in WSN due to the presence of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a hierarchical routing and data dissemination protocol. LEACH divides a network domain into several sub-domains that are called clusters. Non-uniformity of cluster distribution and CHs selection without considering the positions of other sens...

This paper presents the experimental results for the leaching of printed circuit boards (PCB) from obsolete computers for extracting and recovering tin and copper by means of leaching followed by precipitation. Printed circuit boards were dismantled, cut into small pieces, and fed into a cylinder mill. The powder obtained was leached by using the aqueous solutions 2.18N H2SO4, 2.18N H2SO4 + 3.0...

The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is anticipated to bring enormous changes in data gathering, processing and dissemination for different environments and applications. However, a WSN is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten its lifespan. Prolonging the network lifetime depends on efficient management of sensing node energy resource. Hierar...

In wireless sensor networks (wsn) power is the most essential resource because each sensor node has limited batteries. So Many kinds of existing clustering protocols have been developed to balance and maximize lifetime of the sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. In this dissertation we present T-LEACH which is a threshold-based cluster head replacement scheme for clustering protocols of wi...

Internet of Things (IoTs) as a new network pattern for the intelligent world usually uses wireless sensor networks (WSNs) perception layer which consisted numerous number nodes scattered in environment to gather intended information. The selected information then is sent base station (BS) be cloud server further processing. Since energy limited, most significant challenge these reducing consump...

We report a radioimmunoassay for mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate that has been coupled to a protein carrier as a radioligand. Competitive interference tests with a variety of related compounds indicated the assay to be highly specific. Quantitative comparison of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate values in plasma and serum samples between the radioimmunoassay and gas chromatographic procedures indicat...

Wireless sensor Network (WSN) now finds a plethora of sectors in which to collect data and monitor both physical environmental functions. The most significant challenge we confront WSN is energy usage life span. delivered nodes through the battery adds complexity. demand for energy-boosting approaches growing. This study aims provide routing protocol that efficient. method aids lowering consump...

This paper is an extension of previously proposed a novel clustering scheme, called D-LEACH, that is based on the calculation of local node density to increase the WSN lifetime by efficiently reducing energy consumption at the sensor node. In this paper, we present both mathematical analysis and performance evaluations of our proposed D-LEACH in view of energy consumption of network. By compute...