As a molten alloy or any multi-component liquid is cooled and solidified the growing solid phase usually forms a porous matrix through which the residual liquid can flow. The reactive two-phase medium comprising the solid matrix and residual liquid is called a mushy layer. Buoyancy forces, owing primarily to compositional depletion as one or more of the components of the alloy are extracted to ...

Neocortical microcircuits of primary sensory cortices play prominent roles in processing peripheral input. The same cortical microcircuits are also spontaneously active, which profoundly influences sensory processing. In this issue of Neuron, Sakata and Harris compare spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity in rat primary auditory cortex, finding interesting similarities and important differences.

Feature-Oriented Programming (FOP) is an appropriate programming paradigm to implement program families and incremental designs. Beside numerous strengths in doing that FOP yields several drawbacks, especially regarding the ability to localize and modularize crosscutting concerns. This is exactly the strength of another prominent programming paradigm, Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP). In this ...

This document contains a brief overview of the JL compiler’s design (version 2) [4]. The compiler supports bounded parametric classes and interfaces, mixins, static virtual typing, deep conformance, constructor propagation, and the class flattening optimization. The intent of this document is to provide a basis for an implementation plan, so we provide the detail needed to gauge the development...

The films that I make are part documentary, part film essay, part visual poem. They are created out of a series of up to 30 drawings that are animated. The process from research to completion takes about 2 years, and at the end of it there is a film and a number of drawings that can be exhibited. This paper emerges out of the realisation that in the different stages of making a drawing and a fi...

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one of the methods for the improvement of soil against the tensile stresses is using the artificial supplements in soil such as metal belts or nets, polymer materials and natural fibers. technically this method is called the reinforced of soil.  when a pavement is located on soft soil, great deformations can occur as a result of the crossing of traffic load in superstructure layers of the body....

In the practice of block cipher design, there seems to have grown a consensus about the diffusion function that designers choose linear functions with large branch numbers to achieve provable bounds against differential and linear cryptanalysis. In this paper, we propose two types of nonlinear functions as alternative diffusing components. One is based on a nonlinear code with parameters (16,25...