introduction: sharply progression and development in different aspect of technology and science in the field of medicine and sanitation bring many challenges in biological moral and social aspects of the life. meanwhile statistical problems of this subjects will be rised. study and researches on embryonic stem cells are one of this specimens. religions and different ideological views in vast hu...

ospitals, physician practices, and other health care facilities are repositories for much medical information. Safeguarding the confidentiality of such information is a significant issue for any hospital or other health care entity that keeps patient medical records to maintain patient confidence and to avoid liability. Because damages could ensue should inappropriate disclosure occur, patient ...

Prescribed fire is a useful but risky method for reducing the general wildfire risk and improving wildlife habitats, biodiversity, timber growth, and agricultural forage. In the past 15 years, laws to further promote the use of prescribed fire have been adopted in several states. This article examines the effect of liability laws and common regulations on the incidence and severity of escaped p...

general agreement on trade in services (gats) -as one of the most important agreements of wto- provides some principles and commitments on services such as rail transport services. countries applicants for accession to wto have to correspond their legal and economic structures in the field of this section with gats principles. however, working groups of applicant countries can make some exempti...

a large number of maritime claims, are entitled to a legal protection that is established at the time of creation of the claim and subsequently, maritime lien in favour of the creditor. national regulations of maritime liens, dates back to ancient laws and customs and in order to removing differences of theses regulations, some international conventions on unification of certain rules relating ...

growing usage of animals in the research projects has drawn more attention to their welfare and ethics surrounding this practice. dissemination of information about the existing ethical consideration and alternatives in animal experiments has two important functions; first, it increases the researcher's awareness of the possible methods of using animals in the experiment, and second, to ensure ...

presently, conflict rules have gone beyond inflexible and purposeless physical connection factors and have approached instrumentalism and economic functions.  this evolution defined as rule utilitarianism in conflict of laws and determination of applicable law to product liability in rome ii regulations in this manner.  protection of consumers in this category has been said to be the foundation...

supreme jurists have focused on sixth verse of sura tobeh to legitimize refuge in islam and assigned it to unbelievers. however, deliberating on other verses of holy quran, traditions and juristically regulations we can justify new issues which haven’t mentioned by supreme jurists. referring to the juridical books and various interpretations of holy quran to develop the concept of refuge this e...