Fast-moving lava flows during the 2014–2015 eruption of Fogo volcano in Cape Verde engulfed 75% (n = 260) of buildings within three villages in the Chã das Caldeiras area, as well as 25% of cultivable agricultural land, water storage facilities and the only road into the area. The eruption had a catastrophic impact for the closeknit communities of Chã, destroying much of their property, land an...

The 39-day long eruption at the summit of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April-May 2010 was of modest size but ash was widely dispersed. By combining data from ground surveys and remote sensing we show that the erupted material was 4.8±1.2·10¹¹ kg (benmoreite and trachyte, dense rock equivalent volume 0.18±0.05 km³). About 20% was lava and water-transported tephra, 80% was airborne tephra (bulk vo...

The influence of particles properties on biofilm structure, reactor performance, and energy consumption for denitrifying fluidized bed bioreactors (DFBBRs) using maxi-blast plastic (MX), multi-blast plastic (MB), natural zeolite (NZ), and lava rock (LR) was investigated. The work showed that the particles with sphericity of 0.9 (MB and NZ) maintained a fluffy protruding biofilm and achieved sli...

The performance of laboratory scale methanol-degrading biofilters packed with lava rock was checked during almost 1 yr under different conditions. The biomass concentration and biomass adaptation of the inoculum dramatically affected the start-up and the performance of the systems during the first stages of operation. A fast start-up was obtained when using concentrated and adapted inocula, whi...

Introduction: Volcanic plumes potentially provide us with evidence of some of a planet's dominant geologic and atmospheric processes, and can be the primary agent controlling the environment and the evolution of a planetary surface over modest time scales. This is especially true for Io, where the volcanic plumes are an ongoing phenomenon of nearly global scale that resurfaces the moon at rates...

At least 13 times during the Pleistocene Epoch lava flowed into the inner gorge of the Grand Canyon and formed lava dams, as high as 600 m, that temporarily blocked the flow of the Colorado River. K-Ar ages on these lava dams indicate that the seven youngest formed within a short period of time between about 0.6 and 0.4 mega-annum (Ma). The physiography of the lava dam remnants within the canyo...

Lava dome collapse hazards are intimately linked with their morphology and internal structure. We present new lava emplacement models that use calibrated rock strengths allow material behaviour to be simulated for three distinct units: (1) a ductile, fluid core; (2) solid upper carapace; (3) disaggregated talus slopes. first show relative proportions of depend on strength, piles can act as an u...

Pleistocene basanitic rocks of Vesteris Seamount in the Greenland Sea had been found to exhibit an endolithic habitat largely consisting marine fungi that dwell within abundant vesicles, therefore representing cryptoendoliths. For first time, we demonstrate 3D X-ray microscopy can unravel how microorganisms access and migrate through vesicular rock. The fossil assemblages occur a set vesicles c...

Lava caves are an understudied ecosystem in the subterranean world, particularly in regard to nitrogen cycling. The diversity of ammonia oxidation (amoA) and nitrogen fixation (nifH) genes in bacterial mats collected from lava cave walls on the island of Terceira (Azores, Portugal) was investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A total of 55 samples were collected from 1...