The past 10 years have witnessed a change of perspective in the way astrophysicists think about massive black holes (MBHs), which are now considered to have a major role in the evolution of galaxies. This appreciation was driven by the realization that black holes of millions of solar masses and above reside in the center of most galaxies, including the Milky Way. MBHs also powered active galac...

background: in order to describe the patients and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for widow spider envenomation, investigators require a reliable assessment tool. in this paper, the development of a clinical index for measuring the widow spider bite severity, latrodectus envenomation severity score (less), is described. methods: according to the valid methods for index development, a d...