COSMIC GPS Radio occultation systems are developed for investigating global ionospheric and tropospheric features of atmosphere ionospheric effects are a major critical concern in radio communications and navigation systems. The predominant ionospheric effect is scintillation, which causes small scale fading in GNSS received signals. Hence, there is a necessity to understand the ionospheric mor...

Tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) column densities were retrieved from 491 nadir infrared spectra obtained by the University of Wisconsin’s High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS) during a cross-country flight of a NASA ER-2 on September 12–13, 1993 (UT). A classical, Fourier-based signal-processing technique was utilized to retrieve the CO column density from the 2135–2200 cm portion of t...

This paper explores the capability of the mixed-layer model (MLM) to represent the observed relationship between low-cloud fraction and lower-tropospheric stability; it also investigates the influence of large-scale meteorological fields and their variabilities on this relationship. The MLM’s local equilibrium solutions are examined subject to realistic boundary forcings that are derived from r...

gas mixing in a t-shape micro mixer has been simulated using the direct simulation monte carlo (dsmc) method. it is considered that the adequate mixing occurs when the mass composition of the species, co or n2, deviates below 1 % from their equilibrium composition. the mixing coefficient is defined as the ratio of the mixing length to the main channel’s height. as the inlet kn increases, while ...

Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite tropical wind and constituent measurements are used to estimate an upper limit of mid-latitude to tropical trace gas exchange by examining the phase of the N20/CH 4 ratio with respect to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation winds. Assuming a simple diffusive model for tropical mid-latitude exchange in the 20-28 km region, the mixing times are estimated to be at lea...

The development of a particular wintertime atmospheric circulation regime over the North Atlantic, comprising a northward shift of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet stream and an associated strong and persistent ridge in the subtropics, is investigated. Several different methods of analysis are combined to describe the temporal evolution of the events and relate it to shifts in the phase of th...

Composite large-scale dynamical fields contemporaneous with low cloud types observed at midlatitude Ocean Weather Station (OWS) C and eastern subtropical OWS N are used to establish representative relationships between low cloud type and the synoptic environment. The composites are constructed by averaging meteorological observations of surface wind and sea level pressure from volunteering obse...

The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), a hyperspectral infrared instrument on the Aura satellite, retrieves a vertical profile of tropospheric ozone. However, polar-orbiting instruments like TES provide limited nadirview coverage. This work illustrates the value of these observations when taken in context with geostationary imagery describing synoptic-scale weather patterns. The goal of ...