PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the activation of the respiratory centers during insufflation of the larynx with CO2 at different flow rates and concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were carried out in spontaneous air breathing rabbits, anesthetized with thiopental sodium (25 mg kg(-1) i.v.). The larynx was separated from the oropharyngeal cavity and the ...

Episodic paroxysmal laryngospasm (EPL) is a sign of laryngeal dysfunction, often without a specific organic etiology, which can masquerade as asthma, vocal fold paralysis, or a functional voice disorder. The intermittent respiratory distress of EPL may precipitate an apparent upper airway obstructive emergency, resulting in unnecessary endotracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or ...

The laryngeal tube (VBM Medizintechnik, Sulz, Germany) is a relatively new extraglottic airway, designed to secure a patent airway during either spontaneous breathing or controlled ventilation. In this review article, we have assessed the potential role of the laryngeal tube during anaesthesia and during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. There are four variations of the laryngeal tube: standard la...

The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a role of podoplanin and glutathione S-transferases T1 (GST-T1) expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The study was completed with 33 patients and gene expression analysis was performed by qRT–PCR. The podoplanin and GST-T1 expression patterns were analyzed to determine their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters of lar...

BACKGROUND Chronic cough is characterized by sensory neuropathy. Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) deficiency (Cbl-D) causes central and peripheral nervous system damage and has been implicated in sensory neuropathy and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether Cbl-D has a role in chronic, unexplained cough. DESIGN Laryngeal threshold (histamine concentration that provokes...

The authors investigated indication for phonosurgery for treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis based on laryngeal tomographs taken during sustained phonation of the vowel/u/, using a computed radiography system. As pre-operative quantitative indices, the thickness ratio (the ratio of the frontal sectional area of the paralyzed vocal fold to that of the other side, TR) and the level diffe...

We applied high-resolution manometry with spatiotemporal data interpolation and simultaneous videofluoroscopy to normal pharyngeal swallows to correlate specific features in the space-time intraluminal pressure structure with physiological events and normal deglutitive transsphincteric bolus flow to define normal biomechanical properties of the pharyngo-esophageal (PE) segment. Pressures were r...

Laryngeal leiomysarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy originating from smooth muscle cells. Its rarity is due to the fact that only less than 50 cases of pure laryngeal leiomyosarcoma and less than 10 cases of hypopharyngeal leiomyosarcaoma have been reported in modern medical literature.  Even though the clinical presentation mimics that of a laryngeal carcinoma forming the major bulk of the...