Human language, over its evolutionary history, has emerged as one of the fundamental defining characteristic of the modern man. However, this milestone evolutionary process through natural selection has not left any ’linguistic fossils’ that may enable us to trace back the actual course of development of language and its establishment in human societies. Lacking analytical tools to fathom the cr...

Much of the world's population is bilingual, hence, language selection is a core component of language processing in a significant proportion of individuals. Though language selection has been investigated using artificial cues to language choice such as color, little is known about more ecologically valid cues. We examined with MEG the neurophysiological and behavioral effects of two natural c...

Whether grocery shopping or choosing words to express a thought, selecting between options can be challenging, especially for people with anxiety. We investigate the neural mechanisms supporting selection during language processing and its breakdown in anxiety. Our neural network simulations demonstrate a critical role for competitive, inhibitory dynamics supported by GABAergic interneurons. As...

A diagnostic of a power law distribution is that a log-log plot of frequency against rank yields a (nearly) straight line. For instance, Zipf (1935) plotted word token counts in a variety of texts against the inverse rank of each distinct word type and showed that typically such plots approximate a straight line. The characteristic ‘Zipf curve’ of word frequency against rank deviates from this ...

This paper documents and describes the criteria used to select languages for study within programs that include low resource languages whether given that label or another similar one. It focuses on five US common task, Human Language Technology research and development programs in which the authors have provided information or consulting related to the choice of language. The paper does not des...

This paper describes the language of patterns that equips the SSReflect proof shell extension for the Coq system. Patterns are used to focus proof commands on subexpressions of the conjecture under analysis in a declarative manner. They are designed to ease the writing of proof scripts and to increase their readability and maintainability. A pattern can identify the subexpression of interest ap...

In this paper, we study selection criteria for the use of word trigger pairs in statistical language modeling. A word trigger pair is de-ned as a long-distance word pair. To select the most signiicant trigger pairs, we need suitable criteria which are the topics of this paper. We extend a baseline language model by a single word trigger pair and use the perplexity of this extended language mode...