This paper explores the effects of language contact in nominal morphology central Sicilian dialects. In particular, this study is concerned with contact-induced changes related to distribution three plural formatives that give rise competition between different inflectional classes respect a number lexemes. It shown sociolinguistic factors such as speaker age account for competing forms and hig...

Abstract Research on anglicisms in Polish has nearly a century-long tradition, yet it was Jacek Fisiak’s 1960s–1980s studies English loanwords that initiated continuous academic interest anglicisms, coinciding with more intensive English-Polish language contact post-war Poland. While loans have been well-researched the last four decades, ongoing intensity of lexical influence Polish, yielding n...

Language is a type of communication protocol that emerges and develops through a selforganizing process in a multi-agent environment. In this paper, using a language game model, we observe and discuss such dynamic properties of languages among communicative agents. We regard language simply as combinations of \words" (symbols) and \meanings" (semantics), namely vocabularies. In addition to prel...

The paper describes comparative constructions in Zhoutun, a Chinese variety that was heavily influenced by Amdo Tibetan and spoken Guide County, Qinghai Province. There are five (Cxn), based on the type of marker, namely (1) xa-Cxn; (2) pi-Cxn; (3) ‘look’-Cxn; (4) ‘and’-Cxn; (5) hybrid Cxn. illustrate features from both Tibetan, their co-existence demonstrates mixed nature constructions, as wel...

This study investigates the source and status of a recent sound change in Shanghainese (Wu, Sinitic) that has been attributed to language contact with Mandarin. The change involves two vowels, /e/ and /ɛ/, reported to be merged three decades ago but produced distinctly in contemporary Shanghainese. Results of two production experiments show that speaker age, language mode (monolingual Shanghain...

Mayan historical linguistic research has progressed at a healthy pace since the 1970s. The recent decipherment of ancient Maya hieroglyphic writing and the publication, in the last decade, of a large cohort of high quality linguistic descriptions of several Mayan languages, many of them written by native speakers of those languages, have opened a floodgate of new linguistic data that promises t...