Blast injuries are divided into four classes, and inhalation a quaternary class of blast injuries. An injury can be critical to the patient due possibility related complications, such as airway obstruction resulting from upper edema pneumonia. Once diagnosed, an should treated with early intubation, aerosol therapy, antibiotics soon possible. We suspect this in circumstances involving fire espe...

Legacy landmines in post-conflict areas are a non-discriminatory lethal hazard and can still be triggered decades after the conflict has ended. Efforts to detect these explosive devices expensive, time-consuming, dangerous humans animals involved. While methods such as metal detectors sniffer dogs have successfully been used humanitarian demining, more tools required for both site surveying acc...

As of 1999, the only artificial systems employed by the U.S. military for the detection of buried landmines were metal detectors.1 Although these detectors can sense as little as 0.5 grams of metal, and thus maintain a high detection probability, they cannot distinguish between a firing pin or a piece of scrap metal. Furthermore, modern landmines can be constructed without metallic parts and wo...

Buried landmines and unexploded remnants of war are a constant threat for the population many countries that have been hit by wars in past years. The huge amount casualties has strong motivation research community toward development safe robust techniques designed landmine clearance. Nonetheless, being able to detect localize buried with high precision an automatic fashion is still considered c...

Ground penetrating radars (GPRs) are widely used for buried object search, ruin investigation, groundwater assessment, and other various applications (Sato & Takeshita, 2000) (Moriyama et al., 1997). They are also expected to find nonmetallic landmines (Bourgeois & Smith, 1998) (Montoya & Smith, 1999) (Peters Jr. & Daniels, 1994) (Sato et al., 2004) (Sato, 2005) (Sato et al., 2006). Figure 1 sh...

Landmines and unexploded ordnance pose a significant international public health risk and economic threat. Worldwide, an estimated 60 to 110 million anti-personnel landmines have been placed in >70 countries. According to UN sources, as many as two million new mines are laid every year, but due to the high cost of removal, only 200,000 mines are defused each year. Landmines pose a serious ongoi...