Incineration is a widely used and well established technology for the municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Modern MSW incineration plants are equipped with improved air pollution control (APC) systems, which reduce pollutants well below the established limits. The environmental concern has, thus, moved from the air emissions to the solid residues generated from the APC systems of the inciner...

This paper reviews the development of ex-situ soil treatment technologies over the last 20 years, against the background of developing legislation and market forces. Legislation along the lines of site remediation, soil treatment, landfilling and reuse was developed and improved in the eighties and nineties. In addition, substantial budgets were made available by the national government to tack...

In spite of the past few decades, gasification of waste is being used in the developed countries. Reducing the space for landfill sites, producing fuel from waste, as well as avoiding negative impacts of landfilling, are of advantages of gasification. The research was aimed at feasibility study of application of Tehran municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification in addition to understanding the wa...

Kish Island is a popular tourist destination in Iran, and tourism plays an important role in its economy. The volume of waste produced in the island has increased given the construction of numerous industrial projects over the past decade, as well as an increase in the tourist population. This expansion signals a need to create new methods of waste disposal. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA...

On! a! global! level,! landfilling! is! still! the! main! method! to! dispose! of! waste.! In! particular! low:! and! middle:income! countries! almost! exclusively! depend! on! landfilling,! due! to! its! low! costs! and! convenient! operation! and! management.! Regulations!and!guidelines!exist!for!landfills!in!moderate!climates!(Western!Europe,! United! States).! These! guidelines,! neverthele...

In a period of less than twenty years, China has become a major actor in the implementation of waste-to-energy technologies for managing municipal solid wastes (MSW); at the present time, an estimated 15% (23 million tons of MSW) are processed in over 100 WTE plants. China is also an exception to the general rule that nations with relatively low GDP per capita rely exclusively on landfilling. T...

In developing countries, urbanization and rapid population growth has resulted in a substantial increase generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Safe collection, transportation treatment MSW are among the major issues for Indian cities. Poor management practices have negative impact on public health, environment climate change. India currently only treats 21% while remainder disposed unsanit...

The poultry-processing industry generates large quantities of waste rich in keratin, a fibrous protein representing around 90 wt% chicken feathers, which is currently disposed by landfilling or incineration.