until now many studies have been done over recent decades throughout the world to show the right age to start english. in iran, research is still at an early stage in terms of evaluating teachers’ beliefs about teaching children english. the problem of at what age to start teaching english and how to teach english to elementary school children has not been solved neither in this country nor els...

Extended abstract   1- Introduction An examination of the number of floods in recent years shows that floods are no longer a rare sudden disaster, but a growing phenomenon that, at any given time, causes a lot of damage, including life and death. As a result of interference in natural environments, the presence of multiple structures, and the lack of appropriate measures to protect these env...

One of the most important problems facing desert areas today is the growing trend of desertification and land use change. Land use is a special use of man from the earth. These uses are changing over time and these changes lead to increased land degradation and ecosystem destruction, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Accordingly, in this research, the trend of land use change in the eas...

during the process of reading, sometimes learners use ineffective and inefficient strategies and some factors may influence their use of strategies. perhaps critical thinking is one of these factors. this study aims to identify those categories of reading strategies that are mostly used by iranian efl learners and to see if there is any significant relationship between the critical thinking abi...

Due to its mobility and ability to move and its direct impact on residential areas and various developmental activities, the Ergs are of major importance in the desert areas, so monitoring of those is very important. Considering that the use of supervised and unguarded methods is considered as one of the most common methods in determining and monitoring land uses, in this research, the accuracy...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and the type of discourse markers used in the argumentative and expository writings of iranian efl learners and the differences between these text features in the two essay genres. the study also aimed at examining the influence of the use of discourse markers on the participants’ writing quality. to this end the discourse markers us...

the present study aimed at investigating how different news agencies using the concept of legitimation/delegitimation represent the same event differently. to this end, van leeuwens (2008) legitimatory/delegitimatory framework was applied to the data gleaned from the iranian state-run news agency fars news, british state-run news agency bbc, and also american state-run news agency voa. the resu...