An increasing number of published accounts (e.g., Cress and Kimmerle 2008; Kane and Fichman 2009; Wagner and Majchrzak 2007; Yates et al. 2010) describe Wikis and their impact on knowledge aggregation from many contributors. In this appendix, we extend these accounts to explain the specific mechanisms that cause Wiki-based efforts to succeed in the creation and maintenance of knowledge assets w...

The arrival of new-generation, high-spatial-resolution satellite imagery (e.g., Ikonos) has opened up new opportunities for detailed mapping and analysis of urban land use. Drawing on the traditional approach used in aerial photointerpretation, this study investigates an “object-oriented” method to classify a large urban area into detailed land-use categories. Spatial metrics and texture measur...

The quantitative determination of flavonoid compounds in flowers and leaves of Ficaria verna Huds. (Ranunculaceae) was carried out in different growing seasons of the plant, using Christ-Müller's method (Polish Pharmacopoeia, 1999) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis after acid hydrolysis. The flavonoid content was much higher in flowers than in leaves.

Circular rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses are common constituents of invertebrate viral consortia. Despite their ubiquity and sequence diversity, the effects of CRESS-DNA viruses on invertebrate biology and ecology remain largely unknown. This study assessed the relationship between the transcriptional profile of benthic amphipods of genus Diporeia and the presence of the CRESS-DNA virus,...

Multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) models mixed spectra as a linear combination of endmembers that are allowed to vary in number and type on a per pixel basis. For modeling an image using MESMA, a parsimonious set of endmembers is desirable for computational efficiency and operational simplicity. This paper presents a method of selecting endmembers from a spectral library for ...

Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) and mouse ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) both produce siliques that are morphologically similar to each other: a long cylindrical silique composed of two fused carpels. Despite this external similarity, the bittercress capsules have the ability to discharge their seed explosively, whereas the siliques of mouse ear cress only crack open along the suture lines to...

Comparative performance of logistic regression and survival analysis for detecting spatial predictors of land-use change Ninghua Wang a , Daniel G. Brown b , Li An c , Shuang Yang a & Arika Ligmann-Zielinska d a Joint Ph.D. Program in Geography, San Diego State University and University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA b School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stomatal density (SD) generally decreases with rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, Ca. However, SD is also affected by light, air humidity and drought, all under systemic signalling from older leaves. This makes our understanding of how Ca controls SD incomplete. This study tested the hypotheses that SD is affected by the internal CO2 concentration of the leaf, Ci, rather ...

Kelp forests provide essential habitats for organisms in temperate rocky shores. Loss of kelp forests has occurred over large areas in a number of temperate regions, including in Australia, where the dominant kelp Ecklonia radiata has been lost from substantial areas of the shoreline. Loss of E. radiata has been associated with environmental stressors, including increased temperature and anthro...