Abstract The linear relationship between optical absorbance and the concentration of analytes—as postulated by Beer-Lambert law—is one fundamental assumptions that much spectroscopy literature is explicitly or implicitly based upon. common use regression models such as principal component partial least squares exemplifies how linearity assumption upheld in practical applications. However, also ...

SUMMARY Flow resistance laws, as used for example in water-supply pipe networks, are formulae relating the volume ow rate q along a pipe to the pressure-head diierence t between its ends, q = (t). is monotonic. The simple Hazen-Williams power \law" is often used: it has been claimed that the more complicated Colebrook-White law (CW) better represents aspects of the experimental data. Equilibriu...

Because the number of private cars has expanded, drunk driving become more and frequent. The detection a driver’s alcohol concentration focus attention. Therefore, infrared was studied. principle blood glucose noninvasive investigated, it compared with spectrum detection. Finally, using transmission technology an emitter receiver, identification circuit designed by NBohr’s Law Correcting Beer-L...

A dual-function student-crafted instrument is described as part of a laboratory activity aimed to teach both the principles and practical aspects absorption spectroscopy secondary introductory undergraduate students. Using minimal changes in an arrangement that based on interlocking bricks low-cost components, fluorometer photometer have been constructed. The former demonstrates Beer–Lambert la...

An approach for the analytical solution, free and forced, to systems of delay differential equations (DDEs) has been developed using the matrix Lambert function. To generalize the Lambert function solution for scalar DDEs to systems of DDEs, we introduce a new matrix, Q when the coefficient matrices in a system of DDEs do not commute. The solution is in the form of an infinite series of modes w...