We present evidence on the relative efficiency of U.K. university technology transfer offices (TTOs) using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier estimation (SFE). We find that U.K. TTOs exhibit low levels of absolute efficiency. Universities located in regions with higher levels of R&D and GDP appear to be more efficient in technology transfer, implying that there may be regio...

We present quantitative and qualitative evidence on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices (TTOs). Our empirical results suggest that TTO activity is characterized by constant returns to scale and that environmental and institutional factors explain some of the variation in performance. Productivity may also depend on organizational practices. Unfortunately, there a...

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents specifically target viral proteins. Two DAAs have been already been approved for the treatment of HCV infection and many more are in development. DAA treatment of HCV infection, however, leads to the selection of viral variants (produced by the error-prone HCV polymerase) that are resistant to the DAA agent in use. The selection of DAA-resistant HCV variants...

For examining how UV-B radiation alters the proteome of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena L31, we extracted proteins from cultures irradiated with UV-B + white light and controls (white light irradiated) and analyzed the proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Twenty one proteins, in...

1. Defensive inking behavior and gill withdrawal in ApIysia offer simple test systems in which the cellular and biophysial determinants of elementary behavioral acts can be examined. Since a good deal is known regarding both the behaviors and their underlying neural circuits, it is possible to compare directly these two defensive reflexes at the cellular level. 2. Both the ink and gill motor ne...

The movement of goods across the country and beyond its borders has created economic opportunities for millions India's citizens. Today, logistics sector represents five percent Gross Domestic Product (GDP) employs 2.2 crore people. India handles 4.6 billion tonnes each year, amounting to a total annual cost INR 9.5 lakh crore. present study is review on current freight corridor vision mission ...