It has been observed repeatedly that the distribution of new mutations of a quantitative trait has a kurtosis (a statistical measure of the distribution's shape) that is systematically larger than that of a normal distribution. Here we suggest that rather than being a property of individual loci that control the trait, the enhanced kurtosis is highly likely to be an emergent property that arise...

Nonnormality of univariate data has been extensively examined previously (Blanca et al., Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 9(2), 78-84, 2013; Miceeri, Psychological Bulletin, 105(1), 156, 1989). However, less is known of the potential nonnormality of multivariate data although multivariate analysis is commonly used in psychological and edu...

Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) can be used to estimate excess kurtosis, which is a dimensionless measure for the deviation of water diffusion profile from Gaussian distribution. Several recent studies have applied DKI to probe the restricted water diffusion in biological tissues. The directional analysis has also been developed to obtain the directionally specific kurtosis. However, these stu...

Robust detection of the smallest circulating cerebral microemboli is an efficient way of preventing strokes, which is second cause of mortality worldwide. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is widely considered the most convenient system for the detection of microemboli. The most common standard detection is achieved through the Doppler energy signal and depends on an empirically set constant thre...

An analytical expression of an Airy-Gauss beam passing through a fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) system is derived. The normalized intensity distribution, phase distribution, centre of gravity, effective beam size, linear momentum, and kurtosis parameter of the Airy-Gauss beam are demonstrated in FRFT plane, respectively. The influence of the fractional order p on the normalized intensity d...

In a recent paper [M. Cristelli, A. Zaccaria, and L. Pietronero, Phys. Rev. E 85, 066108 (2012)], the authors analyzed the relation between skewness and kurtosis for complex dynamical systems, and they identified two power-law regimes of non-Gaussianity, one of which scales with an exponent of 2 and the other with 4/3. They concluded that the observed relation is a universal fact in complex dyn...

Salivary cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) are important biomarkers for environmental and public health research. The present study investigated the diurnal variations of these salivary biomarkers, with a focus on the change of distribution characteristics (i.e., skewness and kurtosis) of the concentrations. The participants in this study were 113 healthy young males. Salivary sam...

Kurtosis" has long been considered an appropriate measure to quantify the extent of fattailedness of the degree distribution of a complex real-world network. However, the Kurtosis values for more than one real-world network have not been studied in conjunction with other statistical measures that also capture the extent of variation in node degree. In this paper, we determine the Kurtosis value...

the infomax algorithm is a popular method in blind source separation problem. in this article an extension of the infomax algorithm is proposed that is able to separate mixed signals with any sub- or super-gaussian distributions. this ability is the results of using two different nonlinear functions and new coefficients in the learning rule. in this paper we show how we can use the distribution...

Fault diagnosis depends largely on feature analysis of vibration signals. However, feature extraction for fault diagnosis is difficult because the vibration signals often contain a strong noise component. Noises stronger than the actual fault signal may interfere with diagnosis and ultimately cause misdiagnosis. In order to extract the feature from a fault signal highly contaminated by the nois...