An explanation of the Dunning-Kruger effect is provided which does not require any psychological explanation, because it derived as a statistical artefact. This achieved by specifying simple model explicitly takes (random) boundary constraints into account. fits data perfectly.

We analyze the optimal portfolio policies of expected utility maximizing agents under VaR Capital Requirement (VaR-CR) regulation in comparison to the optimal policy under exogenouslyimposed VaR Limit (VaR-L) and Limited-Expected-Loss (LEL) regulations. With VaR-CR regulation the agent strategy consists of simultaneous decisions on both the portfolio VaR and on the implied amount of required el...

There appears to be an increase in litigation against general dental practitioners which is increasingly due clinicians exceeding their competence, because they may not aware that lack the required skills: so called Dunning-Kruger effect. The purpose of this paper first, briefly explain effect, and second, propose guidelines for dentists confronted with differing levels complexity care, order p...