in many seismological applications, the earth is considered as a perfectly elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic body. although this assumption is approximately valid, it is known that seismic waves pass through the real earth that is anelastic, inhomogeneous and anisotropic.  we consider four processes that can reduce wave amplitude, i.e.: geometrical spreading, scattering, multi-pathing, and an...

the paper is concerning preliminary survey of qaradaq region of eastern azerbaijan in view of ecological, archaeological and ethnographic perspectives. the region under study is poor in fertile soil, underpopulated settlements and nomadic ubas being its dominant landscape. indeed, archaeological investigations show the lack of considerable archaeological records up to the iron age. the main sub...

Irán es el principal centro de especiación y endemismo Astragalus (Fabaceae), mayor género angiospermas en viejo mundo. Las áreas los hotspots del no son bien conocidos necesaria una evaluación detallada utilizando aproximaciones SIG. En este artículo, se estudian patrones distribución espacial endemismos la riqueza especies, análisis parsimonioso endemicidad (PAE por sus siglas inglés) interpo...

We studied the behavior of earthquake network using HEALPix spherical pixelization and square cells methods. In first method, geographical region is divided into isolatitude rhombic-spherical same areas method. second we equal cells. To construct a network, if an happens in cell, that cell will become node, two nodes be connected with edge for successive events. The built from Iran’s seismic da...

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from Maastrichtian strata, Gansserina gansseri-Abathamphalus mayaroensis Planktonic Foraminiferal Zone, of the AbTalkh Formation at Aitamir section (west of the Kopeh-Dagh basin) were investigated in order to evaluate the palaeoenvironmental changes (organic matter flux and bottom-water oxygenation). Maastrichtian faunal assemblages are well preserved and diver...

The distribution patterns of taxa belonging to the section Hypoglottidei DC. were investigated using DIVA-GIS software. Based on Zohary classification, five global patterns, with the exception of widely distributed species, include 1. Centro-Asiatic province, 2. Irano-Anatolian province, 3. Pontic province, 4. East Mediterranean subregion and 5. West Mediterranean subregion, were identified. In...