abstract over the last fifty years, most of the semi-arid rangeland in iran has been converted to cropland without an equivalent reduction in grazing animals. this shift has led to heavy grazing pressure on rangeland vegetation. the present study has been conducted in sisab research station in the north khorasan province to evaluate effects of long-term grazing exclosures on biodiversity of ran...

En 2009, J.-J. Thibon a publie une veritable somme sur l’œuvre de Sulam? (m. 1021) (J.-J. Thibon, L’oeuvre d’Ab? ‘Abd al-Ra?m?m al-Sulam? (325/937-412/1021) et la formation du soufisme, Damas, Institut Francais Proche-Orient, 2009). Originaire Khorasan, cette province l’Iran oriental qui joue un role fondamental dans des courants spirituels l’islam, vecu entre le xe siecle debut xie siecle, per...

the level of ecomomic (income or expenditure) inequality in khorasan province has been unknown. this paper tries to estimate and compare the trends of expenditure (income) inequality in khorasan province and the whole iran during 1971-2001 in two categories of urban and rural regions. for this purpose, inequality indices (gini coefficient and income deciles) were estimated parametrically. the r...