production is hard to achieve by increasing cropping area due to limited water resources. so, increased yield per unit area may be the solution to increase production. investigating productivity of production factors is very important in this context. the objective of this study is to measure the productivity of production factors in sugar beet production in fars province. the data needed for t...

abstract background and objective: nutritional factors are a matter of debate in the etiology of preterm labor. this study was conducted to assess the association of maternal folic acid consumption with preterm labor .comprised and materials and methods: this cohort study was conducted on 191 healthy pregnant women in 2009, referring to two teaching hospitals in tehran (iran). the folic acid in...

Social programs can reduce productivity and growth as they inadvertently generate perverse incentives for workers and firms. The core hypothesis is that these programs segment the labor market, tax formal salaried employment and subsidize informal salaried and non-salaried employment. Larger than optimal self-employment and employment by informal firms lowers aggregate labor productivity. In tu...

Labor productivity in U.S. coal mining increased at an average annual rate of slightly over four percent during the past 45 years. This report examines key factors contributing to that record particularly, technological innovation in both surface and underground mining and concurrent geographic shifts in U.S. coal production. Health, safety, and environmental regulations introduced in the sixti...

it is now evident in the literature that the information and communication technology (ict) has a positive and significant impact on the productivity and economic growth. most studies in this area, however, are limited to the developed countries. given different regulations and economic conditions, and also an increasing trend in allocating resources to ict in developing countries, it is import...

Continuing gains in labor productivity are essential to keep real wages and the U.S. standard of living from stagnating. After a period of strong gains in the 1960s, the average growth rate of productivity slowed substantially in the early 1970s. In the following years, productivity continued to grow slowly despite rapid technological advances in such areas as computers and digital communicatio...

We show that in a search/matching model with endogenous participation in which workers are heterogeneous with respect to market productivity, satisfying the Hosios rule leads to excessive vacancy creation. JEL Codes: D8, J6 Keywords: Search, Matching, Efficiency, Participation, Hosios Rule a Corresponding author: Department of Economics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Telepho...

As one of the primary factors of production, labor is an essential element in every nation’s economy. Investing in human capital is widely viewed as a key to sustaining increases in labor productivity and economic growth. While health is increasingly seen as an important part of human capital, environmental protection, which typically promotes health, has not been viewed through this lens. Inde...

Theory predicts that mandated employment protections may reduce productivity by distorting production choices. Firms facing (non-Coasean) worker dismissal costs will curtail hiring below e¢ cient levels and retain unproductive workers, both of which should a¤ect productivity. These theoretical predictions have rarely been tested. We use the adoption of wrongful-discharge protections by U.S. sta...

abstract- declining land productivity associated with decreasing soil organic carbon and nutrients is a significant issue in monoculture production. the field experiment with different rates of fertilizer systems (60 kg ha-1 n + 100 kg ha-1 p, 300 kg ha-1 bio-organic (organic fertilizer), 3 kg ha-1 bioumik (biofertilizer), 30 kg ha-1  n + 50 kg ha-1 p + 150 kg ha-1 bio-organic fertilizer and 30...