Scholars in student learning have shown a growing interest in using Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) as a cooperative learning technique in classroom teaching. This study explores the effects of STAD on student achievement, attitude and motivation in economics education. Three research instruments, a Test of Economic Literacy (TEL); a Motivation Scale and an Economics Modular Test wer...

Fuzzy logic techniques are efficient in solving complex, ill-defined problems that are characterized by uncertainty of environment and fuzziness of information. Fuzzy logic allows handling uncertain and imprecise knowledge and provides a powerful framework for reasoning. Fuzzy reasoning models are relevant to a wide variety of subject areas such as engineering, economics, psychology, sociology,...

background and objectives: as with most countries, in the developing communities, providing high quality services in the field of health care is affected by limited financial resources. applying the positive stimuli germane to the private sector to public hospital may be one solution to the public sector's problems, and the health care system, in general, for reducing hospital construction and ...