We have studied the characteristics of MOSFET degradation induced by hotcarriers. When the characteristics of drain current degradation (A/j) are applied to the stress time(t) dependence AIj oc t, the exponent n is clearly different under different bias conditions. We present a two-type interface-state model composed of deep-energy interface states and shallow-energy interface states which have...

This essay introduces a new featured section, to be published in Small Axe annually, that explores the critical vocabulary of field Caribbean studies.

Abstract “Queer” is a relatively recent and somewhat controversial term in African studies. Yet it proving to be productive, not only for understanding subjectivities of sexuality gender, but also situating Africa’s position the larger economy knowledge. Otu van Klinken explore productive tensions between “queer” “Africa,” aim read Africa as queer from Africa. Thus, rather than imagining polar ...

iran is ranked fourth for saline-sodic soils in asia following china, india and pakistan. therefore, if coupled with waterlogging, drainage would be an inevitable and indispensable activity agriculture in most irrigated parts of iran. drain installation depth is one of the main economic as well as environmental challenges in design and construction of drainage systems. deep pipe drain installat...

BACKGROUND The use of thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) is increasing. Similar to open repair, TEVAR carries a risk of spinal cord ischemia (SCI). We undertook a systematic review to determine whether preoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage reduces SCI. METHODS PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and conference abstracts were searched using the keywords thoracic endovascular aor...

African public health care systems suffer from significant "brain drain" of its health care professionals and knowledge as health workers migrate to wealthier countries such as Australia, Canada, USA, and the United Kingdom. Knowledge generated on the continent is not readily accessible to potential users on the continent. In this paper, the brain drain is defined as both a loss of health worke...

Subsurface drainage is an important agriculture measure. It primary to select suitable drain pipes and envelopes for efficient subsurface drainage. And now, corrugated drains geotextile are widely used. However, the effects of perforations on not well understood. This study conducted a series sand tank experiments steady-state flow with or without different perforation patterns. The profile hea...