Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a severe disease of cotton that occurs in Africa and Pakistan/northwestern India. The disease is caused by begomoviruses in association with specific betasatellites that differ between Africa and Asia. During survey of symptomatic cotton in Sindh (southern Pakistan) Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGV), the begomovirus associated with CLCuD in Africa, was i...

This study mathematically correlates incidence of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), environmental factors (i.e., rainfall, humidity and temperature), and silverleaf whitefly population in agricultural system of Pakistan. It has been concluded that the disease is directly linked with rainfall and humidity. The third most influential factor in defining CLCuV incidence is the vector population, whic...

In recent years leaf curl disease of cotton has become a major limiting factor in the production of cotton, which is an important fiber cash crop. In the last two decades or more, leaf curl disease in cotton took on epidemic proportions in Pakistan. In the early 1990’s cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) appeared in the bordering parts of India in the states of Rajasthan and Punjab and spread to e...

As the number of systems which offer annotations on digital documents increases, robust anchoring of annotations is a key challenge. It is especially important if the annotator lacks write-access to the document being annotated. For example, if someone makes an annotation on a web page today and the web page changes tomorrow, what happens to the annotation? One approach is simply to “orphan” th...

The influence of dyeing and spinning on the characteristics of cotton fibers and its impact on the properties of cotton mélange yarn has been investigated. Grey cotton fibers with mean fiber length and fineness of 29 mm and 4.2 micronair were pre-treated and dyed. Three ring yarns were spun from 100 % grey cotton (R.R.Y), 50-50 % blend of dyed and grey cotton (M.R.Y) and 100 % dyed cotton fiber...

Background: Cotton with coevolving pests has been grown in India more than 5000 years. Hybrid cotton was introduced in the 1970s with increases in fertilizer and in insecticide use against pink bollworm that caused outbreaks of bollworm. Hybrid Bt cotton, introduced in 2002 to control bollworm and other lepidopteran pests, is grown on more than 90 % of the cotton area. Despite initial declines,...

Cotton fiber development at the stages of elongation and secondary wall synthesis determines the traits of fiber length and strength. To date, the mechanisms controlling the progression of these two phases remain elusive. In this work, the function of a fiber-preferential actin-binding protein (GhPFN2) was characterized by cytological and molecular studies on the fibers of transgenic green-colo...