BACKGROUND Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is commonly seen amongst the older population in all clinical settings, as indicated by several prevalence studies in several countries. Quantitative work such as this confirms that this is a global public health problem likely to grow in tandem with ageing of the global population. However, less attention has been focused on why it is happ...

stylistics is one of the branches of literary criticism benefiting from linguistics and rhetoric to analyze the text and emphasizes on three essential elements namely text, writer and addressee in literary and critical examination of the work. an’ã¢m (the cattles) surah is a the long surah of koran indicating mainly three columns of islamic ideology and all the vocabulary and artistic images ...

in order to determine iron and lead content of seminal plasma in water buffalo and to study their associations with the semen characteristics, 54 semen samples were collected from 10 buffalo bulls. the semen characteristics were evaluated; its iron and lead content were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. the iron and lead content of the seminal plasma (mean ± sem) was recorded as...

microspore culture was applied to induce embryogenesis in roses (rosa hybrida) cv. hav1. important factors affecting viability of isolated microspores and formation of multi-cellular structures including isolation media (nln, ab, b) and induction media were studied. the most responsive developmental stage of microspores (late unicellular) was determined using dapi staining. the least infection ...

molecular detection techniques are believed to be key tools for both prevention and treatment follow up of brucellosis within live stock and human beings. consequently rapid, reliable, easy to perform and automated systems for brucella detection are urgently needed to allow early diagnosis and adequate antibiotic therapy in time. brucellosis is a worldwide re-emerging zoonosis causing high econ...

abstract background and objective: according to the issue of dependence and tolerance in addicted patients, the inefficiency of existing treatments and the new recommendation for drug combination therapy for diseases in modern pharmacology, the present study examined the effect of methadone and valproate combination on morphine dependence and tolerance. materials and methods: ninety-eight male ...

introduction: ghrelin is a potent orexigenic agent in rodents and humans. some studies have shown that ghrelin participates in the adaptive response to weight loss and plasma concentration of ghrelin rises with dieting. on the other hand, weight loss and fasting is accompanied by increased levels of epinephrine and cortisol. in this study, we investigated the effects of epinephrine and cortisol...

introduction: we have recently reported the presence of two potassium currents with 598 and 368 ps conductance in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) membrane. the 598 ps channel was voltage dependent and atp sensitive. however, the 368 ps channel was rarely observed and its identity remained obscure. since cationic channels in intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and rer play import...

introduction: microleakage can result in failure of endodontic treatment. an important characteristic of endodontic sealer is sealing ability. the aim of this experimental study was to compare the apical leakage of teeth obturated with gutta-percha and three different sealers (resin- and zinc oxide eugenol-based) with/without smear layer (sl). materials and methods: in this study, 100 single-ro...