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although the shelling and bombing against the residential areas have been prohibited in the international law, the iraqi regime used these tools frequently to advance its military and political strategy. these attacks were escalated after the kheibar operation. this article considers the definitions and concepts of the war of the cities and then studies the trend of this war during the iran-ira...

In the present study, changes in gravity data for period from (2004) to (2020) have been used monitoring groundwater storage (ΔGWS) Karbala province. Groundwater change values were found by subtracting soil moisture extracted "Global Hydrological Models (GLDAS)" the(ΔTWS) obtained GRACE. The results showed that rate of is approximately -17 cm, with an annual trend about -1.039 cm / year (2020)....

this paper measures event risk which is introducing by the ball committee to measure the effect of sudden news. this study calculates event risk by using the data of registered firms in tehran stock market between 1993 and 1994. for computing event risk, we use daily market capitalization for 80 firms during 1993-2009, then dividing these firms to three baskets; big, medium and small. the model...