1 considered the founder of modern philosophy, was born in Königsberg, East Prussia, (which today is Kaliningrad in Russia) on April 22, 1724. He came from a Protestant family of Pietists. Kant attended the University of Königsberg and became an instructor at the university. For fifteen years he lectured and wrote on various topics in metaphysics, logic, natural sciences: physics, astronomy, ge...

In a recent paper, Robert Hanna argues that Kant’s incongruent counterparts example can be mobilized to show that some mental representations, which represent complex states of affairs as complex, do so entirely non-conceptually. I will argue that Hanna is right to see that Kant uses incongruent counterparts to show that there must be a non-conceptual component to cognition, but goes too far in...

We live an age of cultural relativism that asks how universal moral obligation can be justified. Immanuel Kant took up this challenge. His arguments can be reconstructed in a way that makes sense today.

The present work deals with the supply chain problems related to perishable products. The EOQ model has been used to analyze the data collected and suggest a ordering policy that will minimize the loses and maximize the organizational value. The work provides a suggestion for managers to take decision regarding use of self space and reordering of items depending on the inventory usage.

1. Introduction Kant claims that human cognition involves the peculiar ability to " think the particular as contained under the universal. " We generalize: we abstract, classify, or conceptualize; we think of particular individual things as belonging to general kinds: this is a bird, that a tree. We form concepts into systematic hierarchies: grizzlies and polar bears are kinds of bear; bears an...

I show that Kant’s phrase Ding an sich denotes, not a type of thing, but a type of object: namely, an object which is per se a thing. My interpretation is based on the assumption that Kant follows the traditional use of the terms objectum and res. Kant’s distinction between phenomenon and noumenon is a distinction between types of object: a “distinction of all objects in general into phenomena ...