INTRODUCTION Keratoacanthoma (KA) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are keratinocytic tumors displaying vascular features, imaged using dermatoscopy. OBJECTIVE Compare the dermatoscopy vascular features of KA to SCC. METHODS This prospective study examined consecutive cases of 100 KA and 410 invasive SCC in a single private practice in Sydney, Australia. Vascular features were reco...

A long-term budget of uranium calculated for a chronosequence of Hawaiian soils demonstrates the importance of mineral aerosol deposition as a geochemical pathway. A series of sequential extractions on the same soils shows a strong association between Fe-oxides and uranium, especially the amorphous and poorly-crystalline Fe-oxides present in intermediate-age soils (20 and 150 ka). Despite inten...

Kainic acid (KA) causes seizures and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. The present study investigated whether a recreational schedule of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) favours the development of a seizure state in a model of KA-induced epilepsy and potentiates the toxicity profile of KA (20 or 30mg/kg). Adolescent male C57BL/6 mice received saline or MDMA t.i.d. (s.c. every 3h), on 1d...

Co-application of certain types of compounds to conventional antimicrobial drugs can enhance the efficacy of the drugs through a process termed chemosensitization. We show that kojic acid (KA), a natural pyrone, is a potent chemosensitizing agent of complex III inhibitors disrupting the mitochondrial respiratory chain in fungi. Addition of KA greatly lowered the minimum inhibitory concentration...

BACKGROUND Propolis has been proposed to be protective on neurodegenerative disorders. To understand the neuroprotective effects of honeybee propolis, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were studied in different brain regions-cerebral cortex (CC), cerebellum (CB) and brain stem (BS) of rats su...

In the zebrafish spinal cord, two classes of neurons develop from the lateral floor plate: Kolmer-Agduhr' (KA') and V3 interneurons. We show here that the differentiation of the correct number of KA' cells depends on the activity of the homeobox transcription factor Nkx2.9. This factor acts in concert with Nkx2.2a and Nkx2.2b. These factors are also required for the expression of the zinc-finge...

PURPOSE To relate the electrophysiological changes in the retina induced by the excitatory neurotoxin, kainic acid (KA), to its receptor sites in the rat. METHODS Fifty-five Wistar rats were injected intravitreally with 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.12, or 1.56 nmol of KA. The electroretinograms (ERGs) including oscillatory potentials (OPs) elicited by a series of increasing intensities were rec...

Axonal sprouting like that of the mossy fibers is commonly associated with temporal lobe epilepsy, but its significance remains uncertain. To investigate the functional consequences of sprouting of mossy fibers and alternative pathways, kainic acid (KA) was used to induce robust mossy fiber sprouting in hippocampal slice cultures. Physiological comparisons documented many similarities in granul...

Neurite outgrowth is a fundamental step in establishing proper neuronal connections in the developing central nervous system. Dynamic control of outgrowth has been attributed to changes in growth cone Ca2+ levels in response to extracellular cues. Here we have investigated a possible role for Ca2+ permeable kainate (KA) receptors in regulating neurite outgrowth of nociceptive-like dorsal root g...

Let FN be a free group of finite rank N ≥ 2, and let T be an R-tree with a very small, minimal action of FN with dense orbits. For any basis A of FN there exists a heart KA ⊂ T (= the metric completion of T ) which is a compact subtree that has the property that the dynamical system of partial isometries ai : KA∩aiKA → a −1 i KA∩KA, for each ai ∈ A, defines a tree T(KA,A) which contains an isom...