This paper presents a filter-based artificial fish swarm algorithm for solving nonconvex constrained global optimization problems. Convergence to an ε-global minimizer is guaranteed. At each iteration k, the algorithm requires a (ρ(k),ε(k))-global minimizer of a bound constrained bi-objective subproblem, where as k→ ∞, ρ(k)→ 0 gives the constraint violation tolerance and ε(k)→ ε is the error bo...

For a filter over a regular cardinal, least functions and the consequent notion of weak normality are described. The following two results, which make a basic connection between the existence of least functions and irregularity of ultrafilters, are then proved: Let U be a uniform ultrafilter over a regular cardinal k. (a) If k = \+, then U is not (\, \ )-regular iff V has a least function / suc...

In this paper we introduce a new class of filters, the generalized feedforward structures, that combine attractive properties of the moving average (MA) filters for adaptation (i.e. fast algorithms, trivial stability) with some of the power of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) filters (i.e. decoupling of the length of the impulse response with filter order). Preliminary results show that thi...

the 9/7 Filter for Image Blocks Hongying Meng and Zhihua Wang A new fast spatial Combinative lifting algorithm (SCLA) of the wavelet transform with the 9/7 filter for image blocks is proposed. In comparison with its lifting-based implementation, the multiplication is reduced by a ratio of 5/12. The SCLA can speed up the implementation of the wavelet transform. Introduction: The popular 9/7 filt...

Potassium channels enable K(+) ions to move passively across biological membranes. Multiple nanosecond-duration molecular dynamics simulations (total simulation time 5 ns) of a bacterial potassium channel (KcsA) embedded in a phospholipid bilayer reveal motions of ions, water, and protein. Comparison of simulations with and without K(+) ions indicate that the absence of ions destabilizes the st...

Criteria are obtained for a filter F of subsets of a set I to be an intersection of finitely many ultrafilters, respectively, finitely many κ-complete ultrafilters for a given uncountable cardinal κ. From these, general results are deduced concerning homomorphisms on infinite direct product groups, which yield quick proofs of some results in the literature: the Loś-Eda theorem (characterizing h...

Pore-blocking toxins inhibit voltage-dependent K(+) channels (Kv channels) by plugging the ion-conduction pathway. We have solved the crystal structure of paddle chimera, a Kv channel in complex with charybdotoxin (CTX), a pore-blocking toxin. The toxin binds to the extracellular pore entryway without producing discernable alteration of the selectivity filter structure and is oriented to projec...

Method There have been several adaptive approaches to improve SNR without much degradation of resolution. e.g., adaptive filter based on the local statistics with 1-D and 2D linear least square error algorithm (LLSE), 2-D adaptive recursive filter, and nonlinear anisotropic filters. Since these algorithms assume a fixed template or only a few templates according to mostly 4 directions, they hav...