Many studies find a strong negative association between crime and education. This raises the question whether crime reduces investment in human capital or whether education reduces criminal activity. This article investigates posed question by using fixed-effect estimation on data of Australian twins. We find early arrests (before the age of 18) both to have a strong effect on human capital acc...

Humans have an unusual life history, with an early weaning age, long childhood, late first reproduction, short interbirth intervals, and long lifespan. In contrast, great apes wean later, reproduce earlier, and have longer intervals between births. Despite 80 y of speculation, the origins of these developmental patterns in Homo sapiens remain unknown. Because they record daily growth during for...

the purpose of this ex-post facto research is study about relationship between executive function and cognitive distortion on delinquent juveniles and non-delinquent juveniles in tehran. statistical sample are 62 delinquent juveniles selected by purposeful selection from “the center of modification and training” and 82 people of non-delinquent juveniles selected by method of random sampling fro...

A nondestructive technique was developed to characterize and separate eggs of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, by developmental stage using flow cytometry. Eggs from cysts cultured on susceptible soybean roots were suspended in 0.1% xanthan gum or 59% sucrose and loaded into either a Coulter EPICS 752 or EPICS 753 flow cytometer. Eggs were analyzed and sorted according to forward ang...

Few studies have examined the spatial and temporal migration patterns of snakes to and from active-season habitats. We conducted a year-long population-level analysis of cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus migration patterns by monitoring snakes entering and leaving a Carolina bay wetland that was encircled by a continuous terrestrial drift fence. Cottonmouths used the wetland during the active ...

I investigated the influence of a juvenile defendant’s socioeconomic status (SES) on mock jurors’ perceptions of a juvenile tried in adult court. In line with the similarity-leniency hypothesis and stereotypes regarding the relationship between poverty and crime, I predicted that the low SES defendant would be found guilty more often and receive more punitive case judgments than a middle or hig...

Systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate (fH) were measured in unanesthetized, unrestrained larvae and adults of the paradoxical frog, Pseudis paradoxus from São Paulo State in Brazil. Four developmental groups were used, representing the complete transition from aquatic larvae to primarily air-breathing adults. fH (49-66 beats/min) was not significantly affected by development, whereas ...

The body condition index is a common method for quantifying the energy reserves of individual animals. Because good body condition is necessary for reproduction in many species, body condition indices can indicate the potential reproductive output of a population. Body condition is related to glucocorticoid production, in that low body condition is correlated to high concentrations of corticost...