In this review we explore the different characteristics of the serological phenotypes identified in juvenile-onset myositis and consider how the serological sub-classification of patients with juvenile myositis can be advantageous both in terms of reaching what can be a difficult diagnosis and informing on prognosis. Recent studies have described the autoantibody associated disease phenotypes a...

Law enforcement agencies refer approximately two-thirds of all youth arrested to a court with juvenile jurisdiction for further processing. As with law enforcement, the court may decide to divert some juveniles away from the formal justice system to other agencies for service. Prosecutors may file some juvenile cases directly in criminal (adult) court. The net result is that juvenile courts for...

Within the past decade, nearly every state has amended its juvenile code in response to perceived increases in serious, persistent, and violent youth crime. These changes diminish the jurisdiction of juvenile courts as judicial decisions and statutory changes transfer more youths from juvenile courts to criminal courts so that young offenders can be sentenced as adults. Amendments to juvenile s...

Victims of child abuse and neglect are at an increased risk of involvement with the juvenile justice and adult correctional systems. Yet, little is known about the continuation and trajectories of offending beyond initial contact with law enforcement. Neglect likely plays a critical role in continued offending as parental monitoring, parental rejection and family relationships are instrumental ...

introduction: several studies have reported the involvement of age-related changes in the development of neuropathic pain behaviors. however, limited data are available on the role of age in establishing and maintaining chronic neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. methods: in the present study, we examined age-related neuropathic behavior among rats in 4 age groups: pups (4 weeks old...

The capacity to interact with conspecifics is essential for stable social networks, reproduction, and survival in mammals. In rodents, social exploration and play behavior increase during the juvenile period, suggesting that this timeframe represents an important window for socialization. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms necessary to support this developmental process have not bee...

Crime and public policy continue to be salient issues in the 21st century. This article reviews juvenile justice policy and examines initiatives that demonstrate positive directions for the future of the juvenile justice system. The authors summarize the history of juvenile justice and review recent developments that warrant further research to demonstrate rational, effective policies and strat...

The role of complex life cycles in patterns of estuarine habitat use can be evaluated by studying stage-specific changes in abundances between principal habitats. Here, we evaluated how two primary habitats, tidal freshwater (salinity !3) and brackish water (salinity 3e15), structured juvenile white perch (Morone americana) abundance for eight sub-estuaries of the Chesapeake Bay. In addition, a...

BACKGROUND Juvenile offenders with intellectual disability (ID) have been largely ignored in the literature of risk assessment, while they are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and ID is a risk factor for juvenile delinquency and recidivism. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the impact of risk facto...

Kraft pulp produced from juvenile and mature wood from thirty-two-yearold Corymbia citriodora trees was evaluated. The stem was subdivided into regions of juvenile and mature wood, and then it was transformed into chips. These materials were then cooked in the Laboratory of Pulp and Paper at São Paulo State University (UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil) and the physico-mechanical properties of the pu...