the activation of carbon monoxide by oxygen on mg(100) surface has been investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps). carbon monoxide is only weakly adsorbed (dispersion-type forces) on a magnesium surface. the xps result has shown that the dissociation of carbon monoxide leading to the formation of a metastable surface carbonate species occurs through the participation of an oxygen s...

â â â â â  abstract: â  as the number of independent countries increases and their economies become more integrated, we would expect to observe more multi-country currency ::::union::::s. this paper explores the pros and cons for different countries to adopt as an anchor the us dollar, the euro or the yen. in addition, it addresses the question of how co-movement of outputs and prices would res...

Graph-theoretic methods of causal search based on the ideas of Pearl (2000), Spirtes et al. (2000), and others have been applied by a number of researchers to economic data, particularly by Swanson and Granger (1997) to the problem of finding a data-based contemporaneous causal order for the structural vector autoregression, rather than, as is typically done, assuming a weakly justified Cholesk...

Effects of endocrine disruptors on experimental animals and wildlife are well established. Antiandrogens and estrogens cause reproductive disorders, such as cryptorchidism, hypospadias, testicular dysgenesis and subfertility. This raises a natural question whether these disorders in humans are also caused by endocrine disrupters and whether they should alert us of harmful exposures. While we st...

The study tries to explore the dynamics of comovement of stock markets of USA ,Brazil, Mexico, China and India during the period from January, 1996 to July, 2007 using daily closing price data. It attempts to analyze the speed of adjustment coefficients using daily, weekly and monthly data. It also tries to examine the efficiency of the stock market as a result of initiatives and regulatory mea...

air pollution in large cities is very important from health and economic points of views. in a city, air pollution has direct relationship with the topography, climate, population, economic situation and the degree of industrialization. therefore, for a survey about kerman's air pollution, 13 stations were chosen for determination of so2, no2 and co, and 14 stations to assess concentration of s...

biv is a well-known bovine immunosup-pressive cause, but its pathogenesis has not been well characterized. it seems that it is possible that cofactors such as co- infection with other bovine viral pathogens may play a role in enhancing the pathogenesis of biv infection; bvdv also has immunosuppressive effects. objective: the aim of this study was determination of possible correlation between bi...