An aerosol formulation containing 7.5 mg of R-salbutamol sulfate was developed. The aerosol was nebulized with an air-jet nebulizer, and further assessed according to the new European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. A breath simulator was used for studies of delivery rate and total amount of the active ingredient at volume of 3 mL. A next generation impactor (NGI) with a cooler was used for ...

Stereo mini-jet cells will be indispensable components of a future ee linear collider central tracker such as JLC-CDC. There is, however, no official Geant4 solid available at present to describe such geometrical objects, which had been a major obstacle for us to develop a full Geant4-based simulator with stereo cells built in. We have thus extended Geant4 to include a new solid (TwistedTubs), ...

in the present study, a model of a large lithium polymer (li-po) battery for use in the simulation of hybrid electric vehicles (hevs) is developed. to attain this goal, an equivalent circuit (ec) consisting of a series resistor and two rc parallel networks is considered. the accuracy and the response time of the model for use in an hev simulator are studied. the battery parameters identificatio...

using of nanofluids and ducts with corrugated walls are both supposed to enhance heat transfer, by increasing the heat transfer fluid conductivity and the heat transfer area respectively. use of a diverging duct with a jet at inlet section may further increase heat transfer by creating recirculation zones inside the duct. in this work two-dimensional incompressible laminar flow of a nanofluid e...

the application of a flight simulator with six degree of freedom (6dof)) in design and analysis of rocket systems is essential. the calibration of a 6dof flight simulator is a challenging problem. this paper focuses on the calibration of a flight simulator and intends to answer the following questions: 1) does experimental design have significant impact on calibration quality? if so, which expe...

We present a simple, behavior-based, distributed control algorithm to inspect a regular structure with a swarm of autonomous, miniature robots, using only on-board, local sensors. To estimate intrinsic advantages and limitations of the proposed control solution, we capture its characteristics at a higher abstraction level using non-spatial probabilistic microscopic and macroscopic models. Both ...

a time-domain approach is presented to calculate electromagnetic fields inside a large electromagnetic pulse (emp) simulator. this type of emp simulator is used for studying the effect of electromagnetic pulses on electrical apparatus in various structures such as vehicles, a reoplanes, etc. the simulator consists of three planar transmission lines. to solve the problem, we first model the meta...

due to the importance of weed control and the limitations of mechanical methods in some places, in this research the water jet cutting for weed control was investigated. the cutting tests were performed on camel thorn weed in shahid bahonar university of kerman. the water jet pressure of 90 bars was achieved with the aid of a suitable pump. the cutting time was studied in a completely randomize...

The effect of a combined system of the bed suction and jet injection as a pier-scour countermeasure on the turbulent flow field is studied in a laboratory flume using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). The three components of the velocities in the vertical symmetry plane in the equilibrium scour hole in front and rear of the pier under 3-jet injections and bed suction rate Qs/Q0 = 2%located...