leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in terms of human injury and economic consequences which has a wide range of clinical protests of skin damage to fatal visceral discomfort covers. kala-azar is a mediterranean-type in and its main reservoirs are dogs and canine family. currently the most common disease centers are in parts of provinces such as ardebil, fars, east of ...

Since the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1993, there has been an increasing need to monitor environmental health trends that may be related to the rapid industrialization of the United States/Mexico border. We studied two counties on the California/Baja California border to obtain baseline data on trends in childhood asthma hospitalizations and two pollutants that aggrava...

OBJECTIVE Two demographically similar counties included in the New York Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance Network had very different prevalence rates. This study examined the components of the surveillance in an attempt to discover the reasons for this discrepancy. METHODS Erie County and Monroe County were the 2 most populous counties included in the New York Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveil...

In September, October, and November 2014, adult Mansonia titillans were collected at 4 separate sites near Savannah in Chatham County, Georgia, and 1 site in Muscogee County, GA, during routine mosquito surveillance. Although previously recorded from Beaufort County, SC, and several inland southern Georgia counties, recent reports of this species from coastal Georgia or South Carolina are lacki...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH; EC 1.4.1.9) belongs to the amino acid dehydrogenase family and isused as a biocatalyst in medical and pharmaceutical industries (1). This study reported deals with the isolation and characterization of LeuDH from a thermophilic bacterium isolated from Jask Port in the Province of Hormozgan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aliquots of soil and wate...

Despite malaria control programs in recent years, malaria transmission has not been eliminated in Iran. Molecular techniques including PCR, which has proved more sensitive and specific than microscopic examination methods, help to detect infection in low levels of parasitemia and mixed infections. Main our objectives were setting up nested PCR for detection of malaria and evaluating PCR based o...

OBJECTIVE Comparing healthcare dynamics among orphans and non-orphans in an NGO supported and a non-supported sub-county so as to identify the level of equity. DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional unmatched case-control research. A sample of 98 orphans and 98 non-orphans in an NGO supported sub-county and a similar number in a control sub-county participated. For each child, a corres...

This study uses biophysical vulnerability and social vulnerability data from Taiwan’s National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR) to assess the vulnerable areas in Hualien County and Taitung County (Hualien-Taitung Area). The most vulnerable townships are Yanping and Chenggong townships in Taitung County, and the least vulnerable townships are Fuli, Jian, Yuli, Shoufeng...

A REVIEW OF RURAL HYGIENE Dr. C. E. A. Winslow, professor of public health at the Yale School of Medicine, has undertaken a review and evaluation of the Cattaraugus County Health Demonstration, with special reference to its lessons for other rural areas.l Cattaraugus County is in New York State, and has a fairly stable population of 72,000, engaged chiefly in small inidustry and dairying, but i...

Female parent-offspring phenotypic data on color morph frequencies in the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, were obtained from two Virginia localities (164 broods from Greene County and 97 broods from Giles County). The color morph data indicate that the striped morph is genetically dominant in Giles County and recessive in Greene County. It is suggested that epistatic interaction of t...