results sixty patients completed the study. patients in the hydrocortisone group had no statistically significant abdominal and shoulder pain scores compared to the bupivacaine group. the patients were similar regarding postoperative analgesic requirements, return of bowel function, nausea and vomiting. no adverse effect was detected in either group. background postoperative pain is a major com...

melasma is a common acquired skin disorder. while different treatments are currently being used, in many cases it is refractory to treatment. according to the effects of topical steroids in decreasing skin pigmentation, we studied the efficacy of this new method for treatment of melasma. a total of 42 women with facial melasma, admitted to the department of dermatology of hamadan, were enrolled...

lumbar puncture is one of the most common methods for assessment of central nervous system. allen is illustrating the role of nurses in relation to probable fears about this technique. question: what is lumbar puncture? answer: this technique is proper method that one needle and trocar enter to subarachnoid space in lumbar spine. this method is most common diagnostic test for central nervous sy...

background: intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) is an advanced technique employed in assisted reproductive clinics for treatment of infertile couples. the reproductive endocrinologists try their level best to identify factors that enhance success rate after icsi. objective: to compare estradiol progesterone ratio on ovulation induction day amongst pregnancy outcome groups following icsi. ma...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) and piezo-assisted sperm injection after pretreatment with calcium ionophore (cai) on the mouse embryo development. methods: in this study, the conventional icsi and piezo-icsi procedures were used. the efficacy of the methods was examined after mouse matured oocytes were fertilized with or witho...