the branches of external carotid artery were dissected and studied in six one humped camels.these specimens were preparated from slaughterhouse and fixed in10% formaline. the common carotid artery in one humped camel is divided into three branches , including , occipital artery , internal carotid artery and external carotid artery which in this respect it was similar to that of equine. external...

Vascular variations are significant for liver transplantations, radiological procedures, laparoscopic method of operation and for the healing of penetrating injuries, including the space close to the hepatic area. These variants are very common in the abdominal region, and their description will be useful. During a routine dissection of a 73 year old female cadaver, we found in the subhepatic r...

PURPOSE The aim of our study was to determine whether using C-arm CT (DYNA CT) during hepatic arteriography imaging assists in TACE treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS 138 patients with HCC, 69 patients (Group A) underwent DYNA CT and routine digital subtraction angiography (DSA), while another 69 patients (Group B) underwent only DSA, were prospectively studied at a single facility between May ...

Variations in arterial anatomy are less frequent, contrary to the venous system, and most of these variations affect visceral arteries. Variations in the brachial artery are the most frequently reported and so far a minimum of six different patterns have been described. The most common of these patterns is the superficial brachial artery, which lies superficially to the medi...

background budd-chiari syndrome (bcs) is defined as hepatic venous outflow obstruction (hvoo). bcs is an uncommon, life-threatening liver disorder. this study describes the clinical and etiological characteristics in addition to the long-term outcome of bcs in a single referral center in tehran, iran. methods we reviewed long-term outcome of patients who were diagnosed with bcs between 1989 and...

The cystic artery (CA) is known to exhibit variations in its origin and branching pattern. This is attributed to the developmental changes occurring in the primitive ventral splanchnic arteries. During routine dissection of a male cadaver, we observed that the CA originated from the middle hepatic artery (MHA) at a distance of about 1 cm from its origin, and the MHA originated from the right he...

A wide array of pathologic conditions can arise within the porta hepatis, which encompasses the portal triad (the main portal vein, common hepatic artery, and common bile ducts), lymphatics, nerves, and connective tissue. Major vascular diseases of the portal triad include thrombosis, stenosis, and aneurysm. Portal vein thrombosis can complicate liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and ...

BACKGROUND Major bile duct injury is an important therapeutic problem that can be associated with simultaneous injury to the hepatic artery. Limited information exists regarding the course of patients who have combined bile duct and arterial injuries. OBJECTIVE To compare the management and outcome of isolated bile duct injuries with bile duct and hepatic artery injuries. PATIENTS AND METHO...