Bisphosphonate (BP) is a useful anti-resorptive agent which decreases the risk of osteoporotic fracture by about 50%. However, recent evidences have shown its strong correlation with the occurrence of atypical femoral fracture (AFF). The longer the patient takes BP, the higher the risk of AFF. Also, the higher the drug adherence, the higher the risk of AFF. It is necessary to ask the patients w...

BACKGROUND Bisphosphonates (BP) have been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and atypical femoral fractures (AFF). The prevalence of these side effects in intravenous (IV) BP-treated subjects is not well understood. AIM This audit aimed to delineate the prevalence of ONJ, thigh pain and AFF in patients having regular IV BP and its effect on bone mineral density (BMD). Design and ...

Injury triggers regeneration of axons and dendrites. Research has identified factors required for axonal regeneration outside the CNS, but little is known about regeneration triggered by dendrotomy. Here, we study neuronal plasticity triggered by dendrotomy and determine the fate of complex PVD arbors following laser surgery of dendrites. We find that severed primary dendrites grow toward each ...

BACKGROUND Both nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) are established as important factors determining the vascular tone. The relative contribution of these factors to the renal microvascular tone, however, has not been delineated. METHODS Isolated perfused hydronephrotic rat kidneys were used to characterize the relative role of NO and EDHF in mediating the ...

CONTEXT An online voluntary association of individuals who had incurred one or more atypical femur fractures (AFFs) while taking bisphosphonates for prevention or treatment of osteoporosis provided an opportunity to collect long-term histories. SETTING Individuals from a nationwide general community completed an anonymous survey documenting their history. PARTICIPANTS Within a larger cadre,...

The group Incertae sedis within the Characidae family currently includes 88 genera, previously included in the subfamily Tetragonopterinae. Among them is the genus Astyanax comprising a group of species with similar morphology and widely distributed in the Neotropics. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the karyotype diversity in Astyanax species from different watersheds by conventional G...

Bone is a dense connective tissue which is being aff ected by many diseases and that is independent of any age limits. Fibro-osseous lesions consist of the normal bone is being substituted by benign fi brous tissue comprising varying amount of mineralization which characteristically aff ect jaws and the craniofacial bone pathology.

This study compared the growth and biomass production of Isochrysis galbana under hetero-, mixo-, and phototrophic conditions using different organic carbon sources. The growth of I. galbana was inhibited in heterotrophy but was enhanced in mixotrophy compared to that in phototrophy. Subsequently, the influences of organic carbon and environmental factors (light and salinity) on the growth of I...

In 2009 [Schneider 1] obtained stability estimates in terms of the BanachMazur distance for several geometric inequalities for convex bodies in an ndimensional Minkowski space En. A unique feature of his approach is to express fundamental geometric quantities in terms of a single function ρ : B×B→ R defined on the set of all convex bodies B in En. In this paper we show that (the logarithm of) t...

Although the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-induced bradykinin enhances nitric oxide (NO) release, bradykinin may also stimulate the production of an additional vasodilator, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). This study examined the role of EDHF in mediating the NO-independent action of ACE inhibitors in canine renal microcirculation in vivo. We used intravital CC...