W study the global diffusion of ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certification using a network diffusion framework. We start by investigating the presence and nature of contagion effects by defining alternative cross-country networks and testing their relative strength. Second, we study how the rate of diffusion differs between the two standards and between earlyand later-adopting countries. Third, we id...

While the quality of products is a competitive advantage for very small software development organizations, the usage of Software and Systems Engineering standards amongst such very small organizations is extremely low. A key factor in the literature explaining this lack of quality standards adoption is the perception by small and very small organizations that such standards have been developed...

The growing complexity of manufacturing systems and the desire to more tightly couple business processes with manufacturing operations is resulting in many efforts to understand the mechanisms and opportunities for system integration in industrial enterprises. To improve the efficiency of beneficial interactions between systems and system components, the international community is adopting a wi...

As tobacco control eVorts gain worldwide momentum, policy makers, scientists, and public health advocates are focusing on the development of an appropriate set of international standards to regulate tobacco products. Often forming the technical basis of national regulations, international standards for tobacco have a widespread impact on growers, manufacturers, and consumers. Established in 194...

This paper examines some aspects of the security services in the CCITT Draft 1988 X.400 Recommendations for Message Handling Systems. A brief introduction to relevant cryptographic concepts is followed by a description of how some of the security services may be provided. Key management, as defined within the CCITT Draft X.500 Recommendations for Directory Services, and as referenced by the X.4...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of EndoRez, Diaket, Epiphany, Roekoseal, Fibrefill, GuttaFlow, AHPlus, AH26 to that of a traditional zinc oxide based Kerr PCS sealers. Ten samples of each material were evaluated for flow, radiopacity, solubility and dimensional change tests according to ISO standards 20016876. The findings were statistically analyzed. Radiopacity a...

The ISO/IEC committee in charge of standardizing the well-known MPEG audiovisual standards has launched, in cooperation with the ISO committee on Biotechnology, a new activity for efficient compressed storage and transmission of genomic information. The paper presents proposals for adding privacy and security to such in-progress standards.

The new paradigm of personal health demands open standards and middleware components that permit transparent integration and end-to-end interoperability from new personal health devices to healthcare information system. The use of standards seems to be the internationally accepted way to face this challenge. In this article, the implementation of an end-to-end standard-based personal health sol...

Certification to management system standards is more and more attractive for organisations, and many companies are today certified according to several of them (e.g., ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO/IEC 27001, etc.). However, in this case, it is a remaining challenge to optimise the system in place by mutualising as much as possible the different processes required by the various management systems, a...

ISO developed, with the support of Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, a methodology for the assessment and quantification of the economic benefits of standards with the objective to quantify the impacts of standards on organizations and to allow the comparison between the assessment results of different organizations. This paper systematically reviews the basic Conditions of the ISO research p...