I investigate bosonization in four dimensions, using the smooth bosonization scheme. I argue that the generalized chiral “phases” of the fermion field corresponding to chiral phase rotations and chiral Poincaré transformations are the appropriate degrees of freedom for bosonization. ’Chiral Poincaré transformations’ are Lorentz transformations and translations with a γ5 included in the generato...

In nonlinear regression theory, the sandwich estimator of the covariance matrix of the model parameters is known as a consistent estimator, even when the parameterized model does not contain the regression. However, in the latter case, we emphasize the fact that the consistency of the sandwich holds only if the inputs of the training set are the values of independent identically distributed ran...

Pal, S.K. and A. Rosenfeld, A fuzzy medial axis transformation based on fuzzy disks, Pattern Recognition Letters 12 (1991) 585-590. A fuzzy disk with cenler P is a fuzzy set in which membership depends only on distance from P. For any fuzzy set 1. there is a maximal fuzzy disk g~ ~j centered al every point P, and j is the sup of the g~'s. (Moreover, if j is fuzzy convex, so is every g~, bUI nOl...

The Information Systems Journal (ISJ) receives a large number of submissions that describe the direct or slightly modified application well-established theoretical perspectives in new contexts. Regrettably, senior editors reject many these without sending them out for formal review. This editorial explains why this occurs and describes what might instead constitute sufficient contribution such ...

this study investigated two major types of metadiscourse markers as used in typical sales contracts, written by english natives and iranian non-natives. in so doing, 60 sales contracts were selected, 30 written by native english and 30 by iranian non-natives. based on hyland and tse’s taxonomy, the contracts were codified and classified in terms of the frequency and percentage of the interactiv...

background: early detection is a key to survival for gastric cancer. molecular markers such as mirna (microrna) can have great importance in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. expression of mir-21 and mir-221 are deregulated in many types of human cancers. this study aimed to investigate the differences in mirna expression patterns within the iranian population. methods: total rna was extra...

statement of problem: glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in osteoblast numbers and a marked impairment of new bone formation. purpose: the ain of present study was to evaluate the effect of methylprednisolone acetate on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in rats. materials and methods: eighteen male sprague dawley rats (8 weeks old, weighting 180 gm) were r...

conclusions exercise can improve anthropometric variables, body composition and vo2 peak and reduce some inflammatory markers in breast cancer survivors. objectives the current study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of training on il-6, tnf-α and hcrp in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. patients and methods twenty-seven postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with mean age o...

frequency of somaclonal variation in embryogenic calli and plants of olea europaea l cv.kroneiki derived from somatic embryogenesis were examined by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. radicle and cotyledon (proximal part) of mature zygotic embryo were cultured in omc medium supplemented with iba (5 mgl-1) and 2-ip (0.5 mgl-1). somatic embryogenesis was induced in calli of radic...