Biochemical markers have played an increasingly relevant role in the assessment of neonatal asphyxia. The S100B protein is particularly important in research conducted in this field. The purpose of this study was to underline the importance of the S100B protein in the assessment of term newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, as well as to relate it to other substances also involv...

INTRODUCTION The manifestations of hypoxic and ischemic injury to the brain in a developing foetus in utero or during the birth process consist of a pattern of abnormal neurological signs occurring in sequence over a period of the first few days of life. This is known as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) [1]. HIE occurs in about 25% infants following severe birth asphyxia [2]. A clinical st...

From 1971 to 1982, the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (HIE) in the United States randomly allocated families to health insurance plans with zero, 25%, 50% or 95% copayments.2 The study found that “Cost sharing in general had no adverse effects on participant health”. This finding might support a copayment. However, the study also provides evidence against copayments by emphasising the finding...

The focus of this review is to collate the literature on the phenomenon of impaired thermal adaptation after hypoxic ischaemic (HI) delivery often culminating in hypothermia. This phenomenon appears different in severity and duration to a spontaneous postnatal fall in temperature observed after normal delivery. The original observation and contemporary descriptions of the temperature response t...

Hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury that occurs during the perinatal period is one of the most commonly recognized causes of severe, long-term neurologic deficits in children; it is often referred to as cerebral palsy. Despite improvements in perinatal practice during the past several decades, the incidence of cerebral palsy attributed to intrapartum asphyxia has remained essentially unchanged, pr...

Magnesium plays important roles in many physiologic functions including protein synthesis, bone development, and cell membrane function. There is some evidence to suggest a role for magnesium sulfate as a therapeutic neuroprotective agent along with therapeutic hypothermia in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but studies are inconclusive. Ischemic insult and hypothermia may both pla...

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), also known as neonatal encephalopathy (NE), is one systemic manifestation of a broader syndrome of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS). Management of foals presenting with signs consistent with a diagnosis of HIE requires the clinician to fully examine other body systems and provide therapy directed at treating other involved systems [1]. While PAS primarily...

the occurrence of neonatal seizures may be the first and perhaps, the only clinical sign of a central nervous system (cns) disorder in the newborn infant. identifying the etiology for the neonatal seizures is/critical to prognosis and treatment. the most common etiology for neonatal seizures is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. seizures may indicate the presence of a potentially treatable etiolo...