Key points Neurons in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a cerebral region that connects synaptically with various brain regions, are known to increase neuronal activity accordance hippocampal sharp wave-ripples. Pyramidal cells granular RSC (gRSC) layer 2/3, but not 5, exhibit slowly ramping depolarization and considerably delayed spikes response step-pulse current injection. The latencies of 2/3...

The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) receives both noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections. These projections are thought to be important for modulation of amygdala neural circuits. In BLA pyramidal neurons, noradrenaline (NA) is known to facilitate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) through excitation of interneurons. Dopamine ...

Denervation of the piriform cortex by bulbotomy causes a series of important cellular changes in the inhibitory interneurons of layer I and transsynaptic apoptosis of a large number of pyramidal neurons in outer layer II within 24 h. In this study, we report that following the marked loss of neurons in outer layer II, the piriform cortex is reconstituted by the addition of newly formed neurons ...

Despite intensive study, the neurobiological basis of epilepsy and persistent memory impairment following traumatic head injury remains unknown. Since abnormalities of the hippocampus are known to be associated with temporal lobe seizures and memory dysfunction, we investigated the effects of experimental traumatic brain injury on hippocampal structure and function in the rat. Using a model of ...

There are substantial differences across species in the organization and function of the motor pathways. These differences extend to basic electrophysiological properties. Thus, in rat motor cortex, pyramidal cells have long duration action potentials, while in the macaque, some pyramidal neurons exhibit short duration "thin" spikes. These differences may be related to the expression of the fas...

The loss and injury of neurons play an important role in the onset of various neurodegenerative diseases, while both microgliosis and astrocyte loss or dysfunction are significant causes of neuronal degeneration. Previous studies have suggested that an extract enriched panaxadiol saponins from ginseng has more neuroprotective potential than the total saponins of ginseng. The present study inves...