The Hintikka-style modal logic approach to knowledge has a well-known defect of logical omniscience, i.e., an unrealistic feature that an agent knows all logical consequences of her assumptions. In this paper we suggest the following Logical Omniscience Test (LOT): an epistemic system E is not logically omniscient if for any valid in E knowledge assertion A of type ‘F is known’ there is a proof...

The Hintikka-style modal logic approach to knowledge has a well-known defect of logical omniscience, i.e., an unrealistic feature that an agent knows all logical consequences of her assumptions. In this paper we suggest the following Logical Omniscience Test (LOT): an epistemic system E is not logically omniscient if for any valid in E knowledge assertion A of type ‘F is known’ there is a proof...

Adaptation Aspect of an organism that was created by the process of natural selection because it served an adaptive function Adaptive Contributing to the eventual reproduction of an organism or its relatives Bayes's theorem Specifies the probability that a hypothesis is true, given new data; P(HJD) = P(H)P(DIH)/P(D), where H is the hypothesis and D is the new data Cognitive psychology Study of ...

The centering inference p & q, therefore if p then q is important in reasoning research because it is logically valid for some accounts of conditionals (e. g. the material and the probability conditionals), but not for others (e. g. the inferential conditional, according to which a conditional is true if and only if there is an inferential connection between p and q). We tested participants' ac...