This study was designed to evaluate the effect on root dentin microhardness of 2.5% and 6% sodium hypochlorite solutions for various irrigation periods. Forty-two bovine roots were divided into seven groups. The control group was irrigated with saline. The experimental samples were continuously irrigated with 2.5% or 6% NaOCl for 5, 10, or 20 min. Microhardness was measured at depths of 500 mum...

This paper looks at differences in spatial and temporal variation of rice yields in China and Brazil. We find that rice yields in China have converged over time and that rice production has become more and more homogeneous. In contrast, rice yields in Brazil have diverged over time, primarily due to variations in upland rice yields. Three hypotheses are put forward to explain the different beha...

For a long time, agriculture and recurrent fires have been the main factors promoting diversity changes in Mediterranean areas. We examined the effect of irrigated and non-irrigated crops and fires on the epiphytic lichen diversity of holm oak trees in the Vall d’Albaida region (Valencia, Spain). Lichen diversity was studied by calculating the LDV (Lichen Diversity Value) and the proportion of ...

Pocket gophers were collected from irrigated alfalfa fields (IRR) and non-irrigated fallow fields (NIRR) in Davis, California, for 2 years. Reproduction was continuous in IRR fields with very little seasonal variation in reproductive activity. In contrast, reproduction in NIRR fields occurred primarily during the rainy season (winter and spring). Females in IRR fields produced approximately twi...

Inorganic C reactions are among the most important chemical reactions that occur in irrigated soils and may contribute to the total amount of C sequestered in those soils. Because CO2 can escape from soils to the atmosphere or return to precipitate carbonate minerals, soils are open systems with regard to inorganic C. We measured inorganic and organic C stored in southern Idaho soils having lon...

21 Wastewater contains a large amount of pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and antimicrobial 22 resistance determinants. Only little is known about the dissemination of resistance 23 determinants and changes in soil microbial communities affected by wastewater irrigation. 24 Community DNA from Mezquital Valley soils under irrigation with untreated wastewater for 25 0 to 100 years was analyzed by quan...

INTRODUCTION Remote magnetic navigated ablation has proven its feasibility in a large group of arrhythmias. Until now only scarce data are available on the use for atrial flutter. In this study we compared remote magnetic navigation (RMN), using non-irrigated and irrigated tip catheters, to manual radiofrequency ablation for ablating typical atrial flutter. METHODS The 3 study groups consiste...