We investigate chemical evolution in Milky Way-like galaxies based on the cold dark matter model in which cosmic structures form via hierarchical merging. We introduce chemical enrichment due to type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) into the Mitaka semi-analytic galaxy formation model developed by Nagashima & Yoshii. For the first time we treat chemical enrichment due to SNe Ia in a hierarchical galaxy f...

Thermophilic sulfide-producing microorganisms from an oil pipeline network were enumerated with different sulfur oxyanions as electron acceptors at 55°C. Most-probable number (MPN) analysis showed that thiosulfate-reducing bacteria were the most numerous sulfidogenic microorganisms in pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) scrapings. Thiosulfate-reducing and methanogenic enrichments were obtained from...

Lysine-iron-cystine-neutral red broth performed satisfactorily in the presumptive identification of Salmonella in preenriched food and animal feed samples enriched in tetrathionate-brilliant green broth. Homologous results from selenite-cystine enrichment broths yielded unacceptably high numbers of false negative reactions.

Analysis of spatially resolved ASCA spectra of the intracluster gas in Abell 496 confirms that metal abundances increase toward the center. We also find spatial gradients in several abundance ratios, indicating that the fraction of iron from SN Ia increases toward the cluster center and that the dominant metal enrichment mechanism near the center must be different than in the outer parts.

The extreme osmotic conditions prevailing in hypersaline environments result in decreasing metabolic diversity with increasing salinity. Various microbial metabolisms have been shown to occur even at high salinity, including photosynthesis as well as sulfate and nitrate reduction. However, information about anaerobic microbial iron metabolism in hypersaline environments is scarce. We studied th...

An experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness levels of two methods in recovering Salmonella from the same carcass. One hundred fresh whole broiler chickens were purchased from retail outlets over a 5-week period (20 carcasses per week). After carcasses had been aseptically removed from the packages and giblets had been removed, the carcasses were placed in sterile bags containing 40...