Iran and Iraq war data were obtained from internet and curve-fitted with Lanchester/Osipov war model. It was found that the data obeys the square law and that the war was a mixed one of 10.8% guerilla and 89.2% conventional as depicted by their parameters in the model. Also it was found that Iraq heavily used Chemical weapon (e.g. mustard gas, arsenic, mytotoxic) against Iranian soldiers. This ...

Aggressive and unsafe driving was examined in 474 male veterans receiving Veterans Affairs residential treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Specifically, the authors evaluated if PTSD was associated with aggressive and unsafe driving and if Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans were at higher risk than other war veterans. Approximately two thirds of the sample reported lifetime aggre...

Iraq is suffering from depleted uranium (DU) pollution in many regions and the effects of this may harm public health through poisoning and increased incidence of various cancers and birth defects. DU is a known carcinogenic agent. About 1200 tonnes of ammunition were dropped on Iraq during the Gulf Wars of 1991 and 2003. As a result, contamination occurred in more than 350 sites in Iraq. Curre...

In the months leading up to the Anglo-American attack on Iraq, there was a plethora of reports in leading biomedical journals about biological weapons and bioterrorism. The coverage seemed out of proportion to the public health importance of bioterrorism, which has claimed only a small number of lives worldwide. In 2002, there were many more articles on bioterrorism than there were articles on ...

Identifying whether there is a nexus between Iraq and Afghanistan combat injuries and civilian violence on return from deployment is complicated by differences in reactions of individuals to combat exposure, the overlapping effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the low base rate of civilian violence after combat exposure. Moreover, the overall pre...

OBJECTIVES Determine whether surface dust grab samples taken from a large military base in Iraq are toxic and respirable. METHODS X-ray diffraction for mineral content, x-ray fluorescence for elemental content, in vivo mouse dust challenges for assessment of histological changes, bronchoalveolar lavage for cytokines, polarizing light microscopy for crystals in lung tissue, and Fluorescence Ac...

OBJECTIVES Continuous education is mandatory for all urologists, and undertaking cooperative research is a very effective means for this. We describe the experience and possibilities for continuing education for urologists in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. We hope to provide a framework for stimulating urological education and research in other countries where urologists face the same obstacles....

While the detection, and prevention, of the September 11, 2001 plot would have been ideal, I argue that the more major intelligence failures occurred after the attacks of September 11. The erroneous intelligence concerning the WMD presence in Iraq permitted the Bush Administration to order the invasion of Iraq. Systematic underestimates of the budgetary costs and personnel requirements of the w...

To the Editor: The increased rate of leukemia in several Iraqi cities has been linked to exposure to depleted uranium, which was used during the consequent wars in Iraq from 1990 to 2010.[1‐4] Here, we investigated leukemia occurrence in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate (SG), which has been exposed to wars and crises at the same level as the rest of Iraq.[5] To the best of our knowledge, this study...

iran-iraq war consists of a certain events which formed in a period of eight years and within a framework of issues, subjects and various operations of this era. in 51 issues of negin iran quarterly, a collection of various articles about the history of iran-iraq war has been released and these articles have been lead to the gradual accumulation of the contents relating to the history of holy d...