BACKGROUND Quality of life is of significant importance in chronic hepatitis B (CHBV). We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Hepatitis B Quality of Life Questionnaire v1.0 (HBQOL) in a large sample of 320 Iranian patients with CHBV. METHODS After adapting the Iranian version through forward-backward translation and expert panel discussion, we administered HBQOL together with S...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of water pipe smoking and its associated sociodemographic factors among Iranian women of reproductive age in Tehran. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional study of 1,359 Iranian women aged 15-49 years. The multistage random cluster technique was used to obtain the sample. Questionnaire-based inter...

Pregnancy adds many sources of concerns to women's daily life worries. Excessive worry can affect maternal physiological and psychological state that influences the pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate the Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS) in a sample of Iranian pregnant women. After translation of the CWS, ten experts evaluated the items and added six items to the 17-item scale....

INTRODUCTION We express the detection of the prohibited substance prednisone, prednisolone in player's urine sample by long and intensive use eye steroid drops. CASE PRESENTATION In a rare case in Iranian football, a player's urine sample had corticosteroids. After all investigations, it was demonstrated that systemic effects can be induced by using long-term of ophthalmic prednisone. CONCL...

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may manifest with heterogeneous patterns according to ethnic origins. The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of various Iranian ethnic origins on clinical measures in patients with AS. METHODS 0ne hundred sixty-three AS patients diagnosed by modified New York 1984 criteria were enrolled consecutively. The patients were classified into Fa...

BACKGROUND During the last two decades, the trend of out-of-pocket payments (OOP) for health services by Iranian households has been a matter of concern and it has exposed a significant proportion of them to catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to investigate three objectives: First, the mean of out-of-pocket payments among Iranian households ...

BACKGROUND The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used instrument to measure psychological morbidity in cancer patients. This study aimed to translate and test the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the HADS. METHODS The English language version of the HADS was translated into Persian (Iranian language) and was used in this study. The questionnaire was ad...