The Middle Persian (MP) verb gumēxtan , gumēz- [gwmyhtn', gymyc-], despite its Indo-Iranian and Indo-European origins, does not offer attestations in Avestan Old Persian. This is a very peculiar fact, because particular nominal derivative of this verbal stem, gumēzišn [gwmyck'], became one the most sensible technical terms adopted framework Mazdean cosmology theology. We can briefly recall that...

Abstract Traditional Iranian architecture principles have deep roots in this region’s culture, thoughts, and climatic conditions. Privacy, as one of these principles, which has ever regulated all aspects life, been beautifully embodied the vernacular residential Iran. It proved to profound effects resulted a specific spatial organization house placement various functions, either private or semi...

Rehabiliating Bushehr historic fabric and paying to it as an important urban fabric through increasing capabilities and facilities is main concern. Bushehr historical fabric can be the consequence of several factors the most important of which is the Persian Gulf and its past history as a national one. This fabric, is organic, dense, compact, having its own characteristics. One of its main prio...

STUDY DESIGN Observational study. PURPOSE To cross-culturally translate the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (OMPQ) into Persian and then evaluate its psychometric properties (reliability, validity, ceiling, and flooring effects). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE To the authors' knowledge, prior to this study there has been no validated instrument to screen the risk of chronicity i...

Abstract How was Persian literature disciplinized in the twentieth century? This article addresses this question by focusing on twentieth-century Afghanistan and outlining sociohistorical processes that helped to transform scholarly literary production into a social enterprise. A major outcome of these underexamined making Dāʾerat ol-maʿāref-e Āryānā (1949–79) Kabul, first modern encyclopedia p...

International power is under profound transition, marked by a move towards deep pluralism in the international system whereby range of middle powers have begun to stake greater claim regional power. This shift escalating struggle between United States and China. Both Beijing Tehran share strategic plan undermine US global hegemony, both encountered tensions, sanctions, pressures originating fro...

BACKGROUND The menopause-specific quality-of-life (MENQOL) was developed as a specific tool to measure the health-related quality-of-life in menopausal women. Recently, it has been translated into about 15 languages. AIM This study was performed to develop the Persian version of the MENQOL questionnaire from the original English language version. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectio...

Genetic polymorphism G6721T (rs.7003908) in gene encoding DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs, encoded by the XRCC7 gene) has been defined. In order to get more insight into the genetic structure of Iranian population the present study was carried out on Iranian Persian population living in Shiraz (Fars province, southwest Iran). The total study subjects consisted of 935 (195 males, 740 fema...

BACKGROUND The present study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of psychosocial determinants of physical activity-related measures in Iranian adolescent girls. METHODS Several measures of psychosocial determinants of physical activity were translated from English into Persian using the back-translation technique. These translated measures were administered to 512 ninth and tenth-g...

Parasites and parasitic diseases have been prevalent in Iran according to Iranian ancient scholars and physicians' inscriptions dating back to 865-1496. Some protozoan diseases such as malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis have been introduced by clinical manifestations and helminthic infections by size and morphology of the worms. Scientific studies of Parasitology started in Iran from 1833, fir...