On the fringes of Big Five, Swiss football is an emblematic case to be analysed in order understand dynamics professionalisation elite football, between rising performance national team and slow relegation clubs. Given that a club’s depends on its players therefore financial capacity recruit maintain professional workforce, this analysis focuses implementation by institution for (Ligue National...

BACKGROUND Despite the crucial role of referees in a soccer match, few researchers have targeted the injury profile of referees in their studies. Understanding the incidence, nature, and pattern of injuries could provide important information for educational and preventative efforts at the international level. HYPOTHESIS The incidence rate and patterns of acute injuries to official referees o...

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of evidence demonstrating clinical outcomes of high-end athletes sustaining a treatment for lumbar disk herniation. PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of a National Football League lineman to return to play after lumbar diskectomy. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS National Football League offensive and defensive linemen diagnosed with a lu...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of medication and nutritional supplement use in male Football Super League players and to observe the long term changes of players' attitudes during 5 years period (4 seasons). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Review and analysis of 4176 doping control forms -declaration reports- about players' medication intake including; Super Leagu...

Yamashita, D, Asakura, M, Ito, Y, Yamada, S, and Yamada, Y. Physical characteristics and performance of Japanese top-level American football players. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2455-2461, 2017-This study aimed to compare the physical characteristics and performance between top-level nonprofessional football players in Japan and National Football League (NFL) Combine invited players and between ...

OBJECTIVES To determine by survey whether the frequency of use of performance enhancing drugs (drug doping) is significant in elite players of Australian Rules football, and to compare this frequency with that in other competitions. METHODS Randomised unannounced prospective urine testing during the period 1990-95 of players from the Australian Football League out of competition, in competiti...

A Bayesian network is a graphical probabilistic belief network that represents the conditional dependencies among uncertain variables, which can be both objective and subjective. We present a Bayesian network model for forecasting Association Football matches in which the subjective variables represent the factors that are important for prediction but which historical data fails to capture. The...

BACKGROUND The Nordic hamstring (NH) exercise programme was introduced in 2001 and has been shown to reduce the risk of acute hamstring injuries in football by at least 50%. Despite this, the rate of hamstring injuries has not decreased over the past decade in male elite football. AIM To examine the implementation of the NH exercise programme at the highest level of male football in Europe, t...

Our research is concerned with making a dynamic, closed loop, stabilized kick for the Nao robot. The Nao is a humanoid robot made by Aldebaran Robotics. It is used in the Standard Platform League of the RoboCup, an organization which organizes football (soccer) competitions for autonomous robots. Kicking, of course, is an important part of football, and thus a good kick is vital to achieving go...

The search engine Google uses the PageRanks of webpages to determine the order in which they are displayed as the result of a web search. In this work we expand Google’s idea of webpage ranking to ranking National Football League teams. We think of the teams as webpages and use the statistics of a football season to create the connections (links) between the teams. The objective is to be able t...