in this paper, the effect of trade openness on growth is examined across the members of organization of the islamic conference (oic) by using convergence-growth equation and gmm-system dynamic panel data estimator over the period 1980-2009. the results show that the overall trade, the trade with non-oic countries, and the investment in physical and human capital stimulate economic growth. in co...

A large economic literature discusses the implications of export sanctions for a variety of states around the world. This paper investigates the macro-level consequences of imposing oil export barriers on an oil exporting country. We employ a large real financial computable general equilibrium for Iran. The model is calibrated based on 1999 Social Accounting Matrix for the economy of Iran inc...

i n the past decades, the effect of different tax amendments on various economic issues has been studied. the majority of these studies have avoided considering shadow economy as part of the calculation and analysis, and an issue, which has received little attention, is the relationship between green tax reforms and shadow economy, as for informal labor, which is well-connected to unemployment ...

In this paper, a gênerai technique is developed to enlarge the velocity space V^ of the unstable Qi/Qi-element by adding spaces V£ such that for the extended pair the Babuska-Brezzi condition is satisfied. Examples of stable éléments which can be derived in such a way imply the stability of the well-known Q2/Q1-element and the AQ1/Q1 -element. However, our new éléments are much more cheaper. In...

We present a new expression of the polynomial Hamiltonian of the Garnier system in two variables. 1. Main results The Garnier system in two variables is equivalent to the rational Hamiltonian system given by (see [18], cf. [3]) dq1 = ∂H1 ∂p1 dt + ∂H2 ∂p1 ds, dp1 = − ∂H1 ∂q1 dt− ∂H2 ∂q1 ds, dq2 = ∂H1 ∂p2 dt + ∂H2 ∂p2 ds, dp2 = − ∂H1 ∂q2 dt− ∂H2 ∂q2 ds, H1 = − q1(q1 − 1)(q1 − t)(q1 − s)(q2 − t) (...

in recent years, economists have paid attention to the relationship between emotions and productivity. economists investigated the bi-directional effect of emotion and subjective well-being, such as happiness, on different economic variables, such as productivity, health, income, and so on. in this paper, we try to study the effect of income on labour force happiness in iran. for this purpose, ...

this study has investigated the long-run and short-run effects of relative productivity on real exchange rate using annual time series data of iran and its major trade partners over the period 1980-2005. to analyze such effect which refers to the balassa-samuelson effect, this research uses auto-regressive distributed lags (ardl) method, to deal with dynamics of the relationship between product...