Timely availability of expert support to the farmers for appropriate decision-making on ‘whether and what pest management option is required’ is imperative for effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM). For several decades Economic Threshold Level (ETL) has been the basis for decision-making but in modern IPM emphasis is given on agro-ecological situation wherein IPM decisions are based on lar...

Integrated pest management (IPM), particularly for high-value crops, is often viewed by growers as a more risky approach compared to their current (conventional) pest control practices. In this article we present the results of a 3-year on-farm trial, which documents the expected benefits, and risks of IPM and a conventional pest management system for cabbage. In Minnesota, USA, ca. 500 ha of c...

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) can be defined as “an ecologically based pest control strategy that relies heavily on natural mortality factors and seeks out control tactics that disrupt these factors as little as possible” (Flint & Bosch, 1981). IPM began to be applied because the extensive use of chemical insecticides show different types of environmental damages, as development of resistant...

Transdermal delivery that avoids the presystemic disposition can provide an alternative to oral administration of tadalafil. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to select the best vehicle as the first step in optimization of tadalafil transdermal delivery. The vehicles were used neat or in selected binary combinations and were evaluated for drug solubilization and transdermal delivery. The d...

Integrated control of ectoparasites of veterinary importance is being implemented on a limited basis at present. However, several forces are accelerating a global shift to integrated pest management (IPM). These accelerating forces include the following: reduction in new chemical compounds registered for use on livestock and poultry universal development of resistance to pesticides heightened e...

Insect pests represent a significant limitation for production of many crops. Traditional reliance on pesticides brings significant economic costs and environmental liabilities of off-target drift, chemical residues and resistance. IPM has long been proposed as an alternative. The adoption of IPM in the Australian cotton industry provides a valuable overview of the key components of IPM and the...

BACKGROUND The Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) has been introduced as a visual measure of suffering. We explored the validity of a revised version, the PRISM-RII, in diabetes patients as part of the annual review. METHODS Participants were 308 adult outpatients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. MEASURES (1) the PRISM-RII, yielding Self-Illness Separation (S...

The rapid spread of Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producing Gram negative bacilli represents a matter of great concern worldwide. The study analyzed the occurrence of MBL production in carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates over one year period. A total of 132 Pseudomonas and 76 Acinetobacter isolates were obtained from two tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka city. A total of 53 P...

The study was conducted among the two farmer groups in Bhaktapur and Kavre districts of Nepal. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of IPM FFS on creating awareness and disseminating the knowledge on sustainable pest management to the farmers and to assess the relationships between enhanced IPM knowledge and adoption of IPM strategies by the farmers. The study has be...